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Protective effect and mechanism of Cistanche tubulosa extract on titanium dioxide nanoparticle-induced spermatogenic disorder.

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Τίτλος: Protective effect and mechanism of Cistanche tubulosa extract on titanium dioxide nanoparticle-induced spermatogenic disorder.
Συγγραφείς: Lu J; Department of Public Health, Shihezi University; Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health Security, the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China., Cao Y; Department of Public Health, Shihezi University; Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health Security, the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China., Zhao S; Department of Public Health, Shihezi University; Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health Security, the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China., Li P; Department of Public Health, Shihezi University; Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health Security, the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China., Song G; Department of Public Health, Shihezi University; Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health Security, the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: sglhit.student@sina.com., Hu Y; Department of Public Health, Shihezi University; Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health Security, the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: huyunhua1019@sina.com.
Πηγή: Fitoterapia [Fitoterapia] 2026 Jul; Vol. 192, pp. 107305. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 May 27.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 16930290R Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-6971 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0367326X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Fitoterapia Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: 1999- : [Amsterdam] : Elsevier
Original Publication: Milano : Inverni & Della Beffa S.p.A.
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Titanium*/toxicity , Cistanche*/chemistry , Plant Extracts*/pharmacology , Spermatogenesis*/drug effects , Metal Nanoparticles*, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Sperm Motility/drug effects ; Testosterone/blood ; Spermatozoa/drug effects ; Testis/drug effects ; Animals ; Male ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Nanoparticles ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Network Pharmacology
Περίληψη: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) can induce spermatogenic disorder, yet effective interventions remain limited. Cistanche tubulosa, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, has long been used to improve reproductive dysfunction. This study aimed to identify the active components of Cistanche tubulosa extract (CTE), and explore its effects on TiO₂ NPs-induced spermatogenic disorder and the underlying molecular mechanism. Sixty-nine components of CTE were profiled by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS; network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics analyses predicted AKT1 as a main key target and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway as the core pathway, with representative components (quercetin, arachidonic acid, suchilactone, genistein, and boschnaloside) forming stable AKT1 complexes. Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to control, TiO2 NPs (100 mg/kg BW, body weight), and TiO2 NPs + CTE (200, 400, 800 mg/kg BW) groups, administered by gavage for 8 weeks. CTE began to exert effects at 400 mg/kg BW, significantly restoring serum testosterone (T)/estradiol (E2) balance, enhancing sperm motility, and reducing sperm abnormality rate. At 800 mg/kg BW, it further improved hormone balance, alleviated testicular injury, reduced testicular apoptosis, and reversed TiO₂ NP-induced suppression of the PI3K/AKT pathway by increasing the levels of phosphorylated PI3K (p-PI3K) and phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT). Collectively, CTE alleviates TiO₂ NPs-induced spermatogenic disorder, possibly by multi-component modulation of AKT1 and re-activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
(Copyright © 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Animal experiment; Cistanche tubulosa extract; PI3K/AKT signaling pathway; Spermatogenic disorder; TiO₂ NPs
Substance Nomenclature: D1JT611TNE (Titanium)
15FIX9V2JP (titanium dioxide)
0 (Plant Extracts)
EC 2.7.11.1 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt)
EC 2.7.1.- (Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases)
3XMK78S47O (Testosterone)
EC 2.7.11.1 (Akt1 protein, rat)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260528 Date Completed: 20260624 Latest Revision: 20260624
Update Code: 20260625
DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2026.107305
PMID: 42208868
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
Περιγραφή
ISSN:1873-6971
DOI:10.1016/j.fitote.2026.107305