Academic Journal
Decoding pleasure perception of citrus essential oils: Integrating GC-MS flavor chemistry with EEG and fNIRS multimodal neuroimaging.
| Τίτλος: | Decoding pleasure perception of citrus essential oils: Integrating GC-MS flavor chemistry with EEG and fNIRS multimodal neuroimaging. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Ke Q; Faculty of Flavour Fragrance and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China., Xu J; Faculty of Flavour Fragrance and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China., Zhang J; Faculty of Flavour Fragrance and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China., Du S; Faculty of Flavour Fragrance and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China., Gu L; Shanghai Citrus Import Corporation Ltd., Shanghai 200000, China., Huang X; Faculty of Flavour Fragrance and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China., Zhang H; Faculty of Flavour Fragrance and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China. Electronic address: huifangzhang@sit.edu.cn., Kou X; Faculty of Flavour Fragrance and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China. Electronic address: kouxr@sit.edu.cn. |
| Πηγή: | Food chemistry [Food Chem] 2026 Aug 15; Vol. 520, pp. 149693. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 May 23. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Elsevier Applied Science Publishers Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 7702639 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-7072 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03088146 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Food Chem Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: Barking : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers Original Publication: Barking, Eng., Applied Science Publishers. |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Oils, Volatile*/chemistry , Oils, Volatile*/metabolism , Citrus*/chemistry , Flavoring Agents*/chemistry , Plant Oils*/chemistry, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared/methods ; Odorants/analysis ; Humans ; Electroencephalography ; Male ; Taste ; Adult ; Female |
| Περίληψη: | Pleasure perception drives consumer preference for citrus essential oils, but traditional evaluation is lack of objective physiological validation. Herein, a multimodal framework integrating hedonic sensory evaluation, electroencephalography, and functional near-infrared spectroscopy was established to assess ten citrus essential oils. Based on pleasure ratings, the samples were categorized into high-, medium-, and low-pleasure groups. Neuroimaging revealed that high-pleasure essential oils significantly induced frontal alpha asymmetry (-0.005 to 0.038) and orbitofrontal cortex activation (-0.785 to 3.399), validating these metrics as objective reward markers. Ninety volatiles were identified through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and 48 key pleasure-related volatiles were screened using relative odor activity value and variable importance in projection. Correlation analysis indicated that several volatiles such as beta-caryophyllene and alpha-pinene are positive pleasure drivers, whereas beta-pinene and carvone are negative drivers (p < 0.05). This study objectively quantifies flavor-induced pleasure and provides a scientific basis for flavor design of citrus-based products. (Copyright © 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.) |
| Competing Interests: | Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Citrus essential oils; Electroencephalography (EEG); Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS); Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS); Pleasure perception; Sensory evaluation |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 0 (Oils, Volatile) 0 (Flavoring Agents) 0 (Plant Oils) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260528 Date Completed: 20260613 Latest Revision: 20260613 |
| Update Code: | 20260613 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.foodchem.2026.149693 |
| PMID: | 42208437 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1873-7072 |
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| DOI: | 10.1016/j.foodchem.2026.149693 |