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UV/Na2S2O8 backwashing controls fouling with limited cell viability loss in anammox MBRs: performance and mechanisms.

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Τίτλος: UV/Na2S2O8 backwashing controls fouling with limited cell viability loss in anammox MBRs: performance and mechanisms.
Συγγραφείς: Cheng S; Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China. Electronic address: 233512147@csu.edu.cn., Zhou Q; Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China. Electronic address: 1186986031@qq.com., Xie W; Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China., Wang W; Hunan Pilot Yanghu Reclaimed Water Co., Ltd, Changsha, 410208, China., Liu J; Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China., Jiang Z; Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China., Tang X; Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China. Electronic address: xitang@csu.edu.cn., Tang CJ; Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, 410083, China. Electronic address: chjtang@csu.edu.cn.
Πηγή: Environmental research [Environ Res] 2026 Aug 15; Vol. 304, pp. 124862. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 May 26.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 0147621 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1096-0953 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00139351 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Environ Res Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: <2000- > : Amsterdam : Elsevier
Original Publication: New York, Academic Press.
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Bioreactors*/microbiology , Biofouling*/prevention & control , Waste Disposal, Fluid*/methods , Sulfates*/chemistry , Ultraviolet Rays*, Membranes, Artificial
Περίληψη: Chemically enhanced backwashing (CEB) maintains membrane bioreactors (MBRs) performance by removing foulants but may damage functional microorganisms. Sulfate-radical (SO4-·)-based backwashing offers selective oxidation of electron-rich foulants, which may minimize harm to functional microorganisms. However, its specific effectiveness and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study systematically compared UV/Na2S2O8 (SO4-·)-based backwashing against four conventional strategies (HCl, NaOH, NaClO, and UV/H2O2(·OH) using an anammox MBR system. Among the CEB strategies, UV/Na2S2O8 showed the most durable fouling control, as reflected by the longest cumulative operation time (18 days). After three backwashing cycles, it achieved a filtration resistance recovery of 48.28%, which was higher than the pure-water control (24.13%). Flow cytometry further showed that UV/Na2S2O8 group maintained high cell viability (72.7% vs. 78.8% control), while other group caused more cell damage. Microscopic and surface morphology analyses also confirmed that UV/Na2S2O8 effectively removed surface foulants and restored a smoother membrane surface. Mechanistic analyses indicated that UV/Na2S2O8 group worked by selectively degrading protein-rich foulants and converting high-molecular-weight organics into small molecules (<246 Da). UV-Vis and FTIR results showed that SO4-· reduced the aromatic content and broke aromatic C=C bonds, indicating selective oxidation of electron-rich functional groups. The findings demonstrated that UV/Na2S2O8 backwashing generates SO4-· to selectively oxidize electron-rich foulants, thereby mitigating potential damage to functional microorganisms. It thus offered a balanced backwashing approach that improves membrane-cleaning efficiency while maintaining biologically safe MBR operation.
(Copyright © 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Anammox; Chemically enhanced backwashing; Membrane bioreactor; Membrane fouling; UV/Na(2)S(2)O(8)
Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Membranes, Artificial)
0 (Sulfates)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260527 Date Completed: 20260611 Latest Revision: 20260612
Update Code: 20260613
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2026.124862
PMID: 42203056
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
Περιγραφή
ISSN:1096-0953
DOI:10.1016/j.envres.2026.124862