Academic Journal
Visual processing is a language-agnostic window into heterogeneity in early reading development.
| Τίτλος: | Visual processing is a language-agnostic window into heterogeneity in early reading development. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Ramamurthy M; Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 453 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, 507 Lasuen Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Electronic address: maha10@stanford.edu., Kanopka K; Department of Applied Statistics, Social Science, and Humanities, NYU Steinhardt, New York University, 246 Greene Street, New York, NY 10003, USA., Siebert JM; Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, 507 Lasuen Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA., Yan L; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1651 4th Street, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA., Townley-Flores C; Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, 507 Lasuen Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA., Zegers M; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1651 4th Street, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA., Pei F; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1651 4th Street, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA., Bell P; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1651 4th Street, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA., Catts H; School of Communication Science and Disorders, Florida State University, 201 West Bloxham Street, Tallahassee, FL 32301, USA., Gorno-Tempini ML; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 1651 4th Street, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA., Yeatman JD; Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 453 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, 507 Lasuen Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. |
| Πηγή: | Current biology : CB [Curr Biol] 2026 Jun 08; Vol. 36 (11), pp. 2795-2807.e6. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 May 20. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Cell Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9107782 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-0445 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09609822 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Curr Biol Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: Cambridge, MA : Cell Press Original Publication: London, UK : Current Biology Ltd., c1991- |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Visual Perception* , Dyslexia* , Reading*, Humans ; Child ; California |
| Περίληψη: | Reading disabilities impose profound impacts on educational and socioeconomic outcomes worldwide, yet identifying reliable early predictors remains a significant challenge. For five decades, the role of visual processing in reading development has been contested-largely due to small, homogeneous samples and a lack of research designed to capture heterogeneity in reading development. In this study, we administered theory-driven, carefully validated measures of visual processing-including multi-element processing of letters and pseudo-letters and global motion coherence-to a large, socioeconomically and linguistically diverse cohort of kindergarten and first-grade children in California public schools. A subset of children received language-based assessments and reading outcomes along with the visual measures (n ∼ 400). Using latent profile analysis, we identified subgroups invisible to conventional screening: children with strong language skills but poor visual-processing abilities who exhibited persistent reading difficulties a year later and another subgroup of children who leveraged strong visual-processing abilities to achieve reading success despite weaker language abilities. Visual-processing measures proved equitable across children's socioeconomic status and home language, independently accounting for 12%-16% of variance in reading outcomes and emerging as consistently important predictors of reading risk in machine learning models. Integrating measures of rapid visual processing, especially multi-element processing, into early identification offers a path toward mechanistically informed personalized interventions that leverage children's specific strengths. (Copyright © 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.) |
| Competing Interests: | Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests. |
| Grant Information: | K24 DC015544 United States DC NIDCD NIH HHS; RF1 NS050915 United States NS NINDS NIH HHS |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: dyslexia screening; early identification; global motion coherence; multi-element processing; reading development; reading heterogeneity; visual processing |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260521 Date Completed: 20260616 Latest Revision: 20260731 |
| Update Code: | 20260731 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.cub.2026.04.055 |
| PMID: | 42167242 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1879-0445 |
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| DOI: | 10.1016/j.cub.2026.04.055 |