Academic Journal
Programmed cell death 1 pathway and cognitive function in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
| Τίτλος: | Programmed cell death 1 pathway and cognitive function in patients undergoing hemodialysis. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Kato K; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.; Division of Molecular Epidemiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan., Nakashima A; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan., Aizawa C; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.; Division of Molecular Epidemiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan., Hayashi A; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.; Division of Molecular Epidemiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan., Kobayashi A; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.; Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan., Shinagawa S; Department of Psychiatry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan., Ohkido I; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan., Urashima M; Division of Molecular Epidemiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan., Yokoo T; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. |
| Πηγή: | Journal of nephrology [J Nephrol] 2026 Jul 31; Vol. 39 (3), pp. 556-563. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article; Multicenter Study |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9012268 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1724-6059 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 11218428 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Nephrol Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: 2014- : Heidelberg : Springer Original Publication: Rome : Acta Medica |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Renal Dialysis*/adverse effects , Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor*/blood , B7-H1 Antigen*/blood , Cognitive Dysfunction*/blood , Cognitive Dysfunction*/psychology , Cognitive Dysfunction*/diagnosis , Cognitive Dysfunction*/etiology , Cognition*, Biomarkers/blood ; Humans ; Female ; Male ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Risk Factors ; Logistic Models ; Mental Status and Dementia Tests ; Signal Transduction ; Multivariate Analysis |
| Περίληψη: | Background: Cognitive impairment is common among patients undergoing hemodialysis and worsens their quality of life and survival. The programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) pathway-comprising the receptor PD-1 and its ligand programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)-was initially recognized as a mechanism of tumor immune evasion that was also involved in chronic inflammation and immune aging. However, its role in cognitive impairment remains poorly understood. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, patients aged ≥65 years undergoing hemodialysis were recruited from 7 centers. Global cognitive function was assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Serum soluble PD-1 (sPD-1) and soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for age, sex, dialysis vintage, C-reactive protein, and other confounders. Results: Median age of the 384 patients was 74 years (interquartile range, 70-80), 67.5% were male, 61.2% scored below the MoCA score cutoff of 26, and 10.2% scored below the MMSE score cutoff of 24. Higher sPD-1 levels were associated with cognitive impairment as defined by both assessment tools; moreover, higher sPD-L1 levels were associated with MoCA-defined impairment (odds ratio, 2.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.26-5.06, P = .009). The association between sPD-1 and MMSE-defined impairment was stronger in patients without cancer history. Conclusion: These findings highlight the potential role of the PD-1 pathway in risk stratification and future interventions in cognitive impairment in patients undergoing hemodialysis. (© The Author(s) 2026. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Societa Italiana Nefrologia/Italian Society of Nephrology; Society ownership. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.) |
| Competing Interests: | Conflicts of interest: None declared. |
| Grant Information: | Jikei University Research Fund; Jikei University Graduate Research Fund; 20K17259 JSPS KAKENHI; 23K07727 JSPS KAKENHI; JKFB21-15 The Kidney Foundation, Japan; JKFB23-7 The Kidney Foundation, Japan |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: cognitive dysfunction; hemodialysis; programmed cell death 1; programmed cell death ligand 1 |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 0 (Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor) 0 (B7-H1 Antigen) 0 (PDCD1 protein, human) 0 (CD274 protein, human) 0 (Biomarkers) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260519 Date Completed: 20260730 Latest Revision: 20260730 |
| Update Code: | 20260731 |
| DOI: | 10.1093/joneph/aajag048 |
| PMID: | 42154632 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1724-6059 |
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| DOI: | 10.1093/joneph/aajag048 |