Academic Journal
Magnetic graphene-imine-linked covalent organic polymer composites for fast extraction and UPLC-MS/MS quantification of 14 trace drugs of abuse and their metabolites in wastewater.
| Τίτλος: | Magnetic graphene-imine-linked covalent organic polymer composites for fast extraction and UPLC-MS/MS quantification of 14 trace drugs of abuse and their metabolites in wastewater. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Zhu R; Department of Forensic Toxicology, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Science Platform, Key Laboratory of Forensic Sciences, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai 200063, China., Hu C; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Pudong Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China., Yan H; Department of Forensic Toxicology, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Science Platform, Key Laboratory of Forensic Sciences, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai 200063, China., Cui J; Department of Forensic Toxicology, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Science Platform, Key Laboratory of Forensic Sciences, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai 200063, China., Zheng X; Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100193, China., Yuan S; Department of Forensic Toxicology, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Science Platform, Key Laboratory of Forensic Sciences, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai 200063, China., Li Y; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Pudong Medical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China. Electronic address: yanli@fudan.edu.cn., Xiang P; Department of Forensic Toxicology, Academy of Forensic Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Science Platform, Key Laboratory of Forensic Sciences, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai 200063, China. Electronic address: xiangping2630@163.com. |
| Πηγή: | Journal of chromatography. A [J Chromatogr A] 2026 Aug 16; Vol. 1781, pp. 467086. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 May 10. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 9318488 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-3778 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00219673 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Chromatogr A Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Amsterdam ; New York : Elsevier, 1993- |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Wastewater*/chemistry , Wastewater*/analysis , Graphite*/chemistry , Solid Phase Extraction*/methods , Water Pollutants, Chemical*/analysis , Water Pollutants, Chemical*/isolation & purification , Water Pollutants, Chemical*/chemistry , Water Pollutants, Chemical*/metabolism , Illicit Drugs*/analysis , Illicit Drugs*/isolation & purification , Illicit Drugs*/metabolism , Illicit Drugs*/chemistry, Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods ; Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Polymers/chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results ; Limit of Detection ; Linear Models |
| Περίληψη: | Wastewater-based epidemiology has emerged as a robust and effective tool for monitoring and assessing drug abuse trends. However, the analysis of drugs in wastewater remains challenging due to their ultra-trace concentrations and the inherent complexity of the wastewater matrix. In this study, a magnetic graphene-imine-linked covalent organic polymer composite (MG-COP) was first prepared via a simple, mild, and scalable synthetic route and applied as a magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) adsorbent to simultaneously separate and enrich 14 target drugs of abuse and their metabolites in wastewater. The synthesized MG-COP demonstrated a high specific surface area, high thermal stability, and good magnetic separation properties. Subsequently, an efficient and rapid analytical method was established by coupling MSPE with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of 14 target analytes in wastewater. Under the optimized conditions, the method exhibited excellent sensitivity (limits of detection ranging from 1.0 to 10 ng L-1), high reproducibility (relative standard deviations within the range of 0.8-11.3%), and robust linearity with coefficient of determination (R2) ≥ 0.9932. Notably, the MSPE process required only 1 min for extraction and a small sample volume of 10 mL. Furthermore, the established method was successfully applied to real wastewater samples, revealing methamphetamine, morphine, and codeine as the dominant drugs of abuse in the analyzed wastewater. The MG-COP-based MSPE method, characterized by simplicity, rapidity, and efficiency, provides an effective sample pretreatment approach for determining trace drugs of abuse in complex wastewater matrices. (Copyright © 2026. Published by Elsevier B.V.) |
| Competing Interests: | Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Covalent organic polymer; Illicit drugs; Magnetic solid-phase extraction; Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; Wastewater |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 0 (Wastewater) 7782-42-5 (Graphite) 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical) 0 (Illicit Drugs) 0 (Polymers) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260515 Date Completed: 20260716 Latest Revision: 20260716 |
| Update Code: | 20260717 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.chroma.2026.467086 |
| PMID: | 42140039 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1873-3778 |
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| DOI: | 10.1016/j.chroma.2026.467086 |