Academic Journal
Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) to support the implementation of silicone passive sampler-based monitoring of hydrophobic contaminants.
| Τίτλος: | Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) to support the implementation of silicone passive sampler-based monitoring of hydrophobic contaminants. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Tascon I; School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: ines.tascon@unil.ch., Estoppey N; Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), P.O. Box. 3930, Ullevål Stadion, N-0806 Oslo, Norway., Pfeiffer F; School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland., Weyermann C; School of Criminal Justice, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. |
| Πηγή: | Water research [Water Res] 2026 Aug 15; Vol. 301, pp. 126067. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 May 06. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Pergamon Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0105072 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-2448 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00431354 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Water Res Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Oxford, Pergamon Press. |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Environmental Monitoring*/methods , Silicones*/chemistry , Water Pollutants, Chemical*/analysis, Solvents/chemistry ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/analysis ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis ; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/analysis ; Hexanes/chemistry ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions |
| Περίληψη: | Aquatic silicone passive samplers are increasingly used to measure hydrophobic micropollutant concentrations, such as polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), because of their high sampling rate. However, extraction is often time- and resource-consuming, usually done by traditional solvent-based techniques followed by column chromatography clean-up. This study assessed the potential of accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) for simultaneous extraction and clean-up of silicone passive samplers for large-scale monitoring of hydrophobic contaminants. Nine ASE methods were tested with hexane and dichloromethane as extraction solvents and silica gel and aluminium oxide as clean-up adsorbents. Recovery rates for the three compound families were 10-20% lower than with Soxhlet extraction followed by column chromatography clean-up. The method using 25 g of adsorbents (1:1, w:w), a 3:1 hexane/dichloromethane solvent ratio and a temperature of 103 °C was chosen for its high recovery rates, low variability and low solvent and adsorbent use. This ASE method halved extraction time compared to Soxhlet extraction and was successfully tested on field-deployed passive samplers with relative recovery rates around 80% compared to Soxhlet, and relative standard deviation (%RSD) around 30%. Its application on the monitoring of 21 sampling sites in the Geneva Lake Basin showed satisfying results, with median relative errors of 11% on sampling rates (and extrapolated water concentration), compared to 7% for the Soxhlet method. The slightly lower concentrations did not impact the detection of pollution problems. The developed ASE method proved to be more efficient than Soxhlet extraction in the monitoring of hydrophobic compounds. (Copyright © 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.) |
| Competing Interests: | Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Automatisation; Environmental monitoring; GC/MS-MS; Hydrophobic passive samplers; Micropollutants; Pressurised solvent extraction |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 0 (Solvents) 0 (Silicones) 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical) 0 (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls) 0 (Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers) 0 (Hexanes) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260510 Date Completed: 20260716 Latest Revision: 20260716 |
| Update Code: | 20260717 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.watres.2026.126067 |
| PMID: | 42107329 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1879-2448 |
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| DOI: | 10.1016/j.watres.2026.126067 |