Academic Journal
Factor H-related proteins as a protective evolutionary mechanism against microbial infections.
| Τίτλος: | Factor H-related proteins as a protective evolutionary mechanism against microbial infections. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | García-Sánchez R; Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research-IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain., López-Lera A; Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research-IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain; Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain., González-Sánchez L; Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research-IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain; Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain., Corvillo F; Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research-IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain., Tortajada A; Department of Immunology, Complutense University and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain., Sánchez-Corral P; Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research-IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain; Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: Pilar.sanchez-corral@idipaz.es. |
| Πηγή: | Immunobiology [Immunobiology] 2026 May; Vol. 231 (3), pp. 153185. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 May 05. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article; Review; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 8002742 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1878-3279 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01712985 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Immunobiology Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: <2005->: Amsterdam : Elsevier Original Publication: Stuttgart ; New York, Fischer. |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Complement Factor H*/metabolism , Complement Factor H*/genetics , Complement Factor H*/immunology , Blood Proteins*/genetics , Blood Proteins*/metabolism , Blood Proteins*/immunology, Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology ; Complement C3b Inactivator Proteins/genetics ; Complement C3b Inactivator Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; Animals ; Complement Activation ; Evolution, Molecular |
| Περίληψη: | Factor H (FH) is the main regulator of the complement alternative pathway, and it is essential to prevent complement-mediated autologous damage. Many pathogens express FH-binding proteins on their surface that recruit human FH as a strategy to avoid or limit their elimination by the host complement. The FH-Related Proteins (FHR-1, FHR-2, FHR-3, FHR-4A, and FHR-5) share sequential and structural homology with FH that result from their common ancestry, but none of them can regulate complement like FH. While the precise contribution of FHRs in human complement is still not completely understood, it has been proposed that these proteins have been conserved along evolution because they outcompete FH binding to the microbial surfaces, thus allowing pathogen elimination. In this review, we recapitulate the current evidence of the interaction between FHRs and pathogens. We describe the results from "in vitro" studies with microbial isolates and purified proteins, and the few studies that have addressed the quantification of FH and FHRs in patients during infection. We also provide an analysis comparing the frequency of common genetic variants, including ΔCFHR3-CFHR1, in different geographical regions, and the incidence of Invasive Meningococcal Disease. All the data are discussed in the context of the role of FHRs as FH-deregulators, and at the light of recent findings supporting a function as complement activators. (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier GmbH.) |
| Competing Interests: | Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Complement; Factor H; Factor H-related proteins; Genetic variants; Pathogens |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 80295-65-4 (Complement Factor H) 0 (Blood Proteins) 0 (Complement C3b Inactivator Proteins) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260509 Date Completed: 20260616 Latest Revision: 20260620 |
| Update Code: | 20260621 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.imbio.2026.153185 |
| PMID: | 42105433 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1878-3279 |
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| DOI: | 10.1016/j.imbio.2026.153185 |