Academic Journal
Tanshinone IIA, salvianic acid A, salvianolic acid B, and hydroxysafflor yellow A reduce cerebral injury via TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway.
| Τίτλος: | Tanshinone IIA, salvianic acid A, salvianolic acid B, and hydroxysafflor yellow A reduce cerebral injury via TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Luo B; School of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, China; Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China. Electronic address: 13008448104@163.com., Zhang W; Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an Children's Hospital, The Affiliated Children Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710002, China. Electronic address: zhangwen125383@163.com., Zhang Y; School of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, China., Lei Y; School of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, China., Xu Q; School of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, China., Li W; School of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, China., Yu J; School of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, China., Zhu X; School of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, China., Miao Q; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian, Shanxi 712000, China., Zhu H; School of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, China. Electronic address: 13008448104@163.com. |
| Πηγή: | Neuroscience letters [Neurosci Lett] 2026 Jun 30; Vol. 881, pp. 138622. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 May 06. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Elsevier Scientific Publishers Ireland Country of Publication: Ireland NLM ID: 7600130 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1872-7972 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03043940 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Neurosci Lett Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: Limerick : Elsevier Scientific Publishers Ireland Original Publication: Amsterdam, Elsevier/North-Holland. |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Benzofurans*/pharmacology , Benzofurans*/therapeutic use , Benzofurans*/administration & dosage , Transforming Growth Factor beta1*/metabolism , Chalcone*/analogs & derivatives , Chalcone*/pharmacology , Chalcone*/therapeutic use , Chalcone*/administration & dosage , Abietanes*/pharmacology , Abietanes*/therapeutic use , Abietanes*/administration & dosage , Quinones*/pharmacology , Quinones*/administration & dosage , Quinones*/therapeutic use , Smad3 Protein*/metabolism , Neuroprotective Agents*/pharmacology , Neuroprotective Agents*/therapeutic use , Reperfusion Injury*/metabolism , Reperfusion Injury*/pathology , Reperfusion Injury*/drug therapy , Lactates*/pharmacology , Lactates*/administration & dosage, Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/metabolism ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/pathology ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/drug therapy ; Brain/drug effects ; Brain/metabolism ; Brain/pathology ; Animals ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Depsides ; Male ; Rats ; Caffeic Acids |
| Περίληψη: | Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a cerebrovascular disorder with high rates of incidence, disability, and death. It has been identified that Salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower have a protective effect in CIRI. However, the synergistic mechanisms of their multiple active components remain to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the protective mechanisms of the combination of Tanshinone IIA, salvianic acid A, salvianolic acid B, and hydroxy safflower yellow A in CIRI, based on the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used to establish the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model using the suture method. Drugs were administered intraperitoneally once daily for 7 consecutive days. Neurological function scores and the volume of brain infarction were evaluated using TTC staining, and the pathological changes in brain tissue were examined using Nissl staining. ELISA kits were used to detect the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and ICAM-1 in serum. At the same time, RT-qPCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry were employed to evaluate the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1, Smad3, and IL-1β in brain tissue. Following treatment, particularly in the medium-dose group, our findings indicated that neurological deficits and cerebral infarct volume were significantly reduced. Nissl staining revealed improved neuronal morphology and survival in rats with MCAO/R. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and ICAM-1) in serum were significantly decreased. Furthermore, TGF-β1 and Smad3 expression in rat brains were upregulated, while IL-1β expression was downregulated. Taken together, these results indicate that the combination of Tanshinone IIA, salvianic acid A, salvianolic acid B, and hydroxyl safflower yellow A may exhibit a neuroprotective effect on cerebral I/R injury in rats by activating the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway and subsequently inhibiting the inflammatory response. (Copyright © 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.) |
| Competing Interests: | Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury; Hydroxy safflower yellow A; Neuroprotection; Salvianic acid A; Salvianolic acid B; TGF-β1/Smad3signaling pathway; Tanshinone IIA |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 0 (Benzofurans) C1GQ844199 (salvianolic acid B) 0 (Transforming Growth Factor beta1) 03UUH3J385 (tanshinone) 5S5A2Q39HX (Chalcone) 0 (Abietanes) 0 (Quinones) 0 (Depsides) 0 (Smad3 Protein) 0 (Neuroprotective Agents) 146087-19-6 (hydroxysafflor yellow A) 0 (Smad3 protein, rat) 0 (Lactates) 51622542XO (salvianolic acid A) 0 (Caffeic Acids) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260508 Date Completed: 20260612 Latest Revision: 20260612 |
| Update Code: | 20260613 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.neulet.2026.138622 |
| PMID: | 42102961 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1872-7972 |
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| DOI: | 10.1016/j.neulet.2026.138622 |