Academic Journal
Ultrasound-assisted nanoemulsions from Foeniculum vulgare: antimicrobial activity, anti-biofilm, and anti-virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
| Τίτλος: | Ultrasound-assisted nanoemulsions from Foeniculum vulgare: antimicrobial activity, anti-biofilm, and anti-virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Braga ML; Department of Food Technology, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Londrina, 86036-370, Brazil; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University Center of Integrated Colleges of Ourinhos - São Paulo, Ourinhos, 19909-100, Brazil. Electronic address: marianabraga@alunos.utfpr.edu.br., de Carvalho L; Department of Food Technology, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Londrina, 86036-370, Brazil., Nogueira MH; Department of Food Technology, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Londrina, 86036-370, Brazil., Dos Santos ARP; Department of Food Technology, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Londrina, 86036-370, Brazil., Furlaneto MC; Department of Microbiology, Paraná State University of Londrina, C.P. 6001, Paraná, 86051-990, Brazil., Maia LF; Department of Food Technology, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Londrina, 86036-370, Brazil. |
| Πηγή: | International journal of food microbiology [Int J Food Microbiol] 2026 Aug 02; Vol. 457, pp. 111829. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 May 01. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Elsevier Science Publishers Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 8412849 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-3460 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01681605 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Food Microbiol Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers, c1984- |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Pseudomonas aeruginosa*/drug effects , Pseudomonas aeruginosa*/pathogenicity , Pseudomonas aeruginosa*/physiology , Foeniculum*/chemistry , Biofilms*/drug effects , Oils, Volatile*/pharmacology , Oils, Volatile*/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents*/pharmacology, Emulsions/pharmacology ; Emulsions/chemistry ; Virulence/drug effects ; Plant Oils/pharmacology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests |
| Περίληψη: | This study investigated ultrasound-assisted nanoemulsions of Foeniculum vulgare essential oil (FEO-NEs) and their antimicrobial and anti-virulence activity against two Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, with validation in a food model. Ultrasonication reduced droplet size from 1332.43 nm to 231.37 and 219.48 nm after 5 and 10 min, respectively, generating homogeneous nanoemulsions with low polydispersity (PDI 0.29) and zeta potential values from -25.51 to -33.58 mV. Nanoemulsification enhanced antibacterial efficacy, reducing the MIC of free oil (50 mg/mL) to strain-dependent values of 1.56 and 12.5 mg/mL. Time-kill assays showed concentration-dependent reductions of up to 4 log CFU/mL within 8 h at 2× MIC, consistent with membrane damage and leakage of intracellular constituents. FEO-NEs significantly reduced swimming motility, decreased preformed biofilm biomass by up to 99.83%, and lowered pyocyanin production from 9.59 to 10.41 to 5.72-6.85 μg/mL, indicating attenuation of virulence-associated phenotypes. Antimicrobial activity was maintained up to 100 °C during thermal treatment. In carrots stored at 4 °C, FEO-NEs reduced P. aeruginosa populations from approximately 5.5-6.8 to 1.0-1.7 log CFU over 15 days. These findings demonstrate that nanoemulsification improved both antimicrobial efficacy and virulence attenuation of fennel essential oil, supporting its potential for controlling Pseudomonas in minimally processed foods. (Copyright © 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.) |
| Competing Interests: | Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could influence the work reported in this paper. |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Anti-bacterial; Essential oil; Fennel; Food spoilage bacteria; Minimally processed foods; Shelf-life extension; Virulence attenuation |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 0 (Oils, Volatile) 0 (Emulsions) 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents) 0 (Plant Oils) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260507 Date Completed: 20260716 Latest Revision: 20260716 |
| Update Code: | 20260716 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2026.111829 |
| PMID: | 42097057 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1879-3460 |
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| DOI: | 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2026.111829 |