Academic Journal
Comparative analysis of biomarker profiles in chronic kidney disease with and without hepatitis B co-infection in Iraq.
| Τίτλος: | Comparative analysis of biomarker profiles in chronic kidney disease with and without hepatitis B co-infection in Iraq. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Mohamed AM; General Directorate of Education in Al-Anbar Ministry of Education, Iraq., Abood AM; Department of Biotechnology, College of Applied Science, University of Fallujah, Fallujah, Iraq., Hamad MA; Department of Biotechnology, College of Applied Science, University of Fallujah, Fallujah, Iraq., Al-Darwesh MY; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Anbar, Iraq. Electronic address: myturky@uoanbar.edu.iq. |
| Πηγή: | Computational biology and chemistry [Comput Biol Chem] 2026 Oct; Vol. 124 (Pt 1), pp. 109099. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 May 01. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article; Comparative Study |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101157394 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1476-928X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14769271 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Comput Biol Chem Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: Oxford : Elsevier Original Publication: Oxford : Pergamon, c2003- |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Renal Insufficiency, Chronic*/blood , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic*/complications , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic*/metabolism , Hepatitis B*/complications , Hepatitis B*/blood , Coinfection*/blood, Biomarkers/blood ; Biomarkers/analysis ; Lipids/blood ; Humans ; Iraq ; Male ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged |
| Περίληψη: | Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are major health challenges. While both individually disrupt systemic homeostasis, their potential synergistic effects on hematological, lipid, and renal function profiles remain poorly defined in specific demographics. Objective: This study aims to comparatively analyze key hematological, lipid, and renal function biomarkers among Iraqi CKD patients with HBV co-infection, CKD patients without HBV, and healthy controls. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 150 participants (50 CKD, 50 CKD+HBV, 50 controls). Hematological parameters (WBCs, Hb, PCV, RBCs, PLTs, iron, ferritin), lipid profiles (cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL, HDL), and renal function markers (urea, creatinine) were measured. Statistical analyses included one-way ANOVA with post-hoc tests to assess group differences, Chi-square tests for categorical distributions, and Pearson correlations to evaluate linear relationships between independent biomarkers, with P ≤ 0.05 considered significant. Results: Compared to healthy controls, both CKD and CKD+HBV groups exhibited significantly lower WBCs, Hb, PCV, RBCs, PLTs, and iron, and higher ferritin, cholesterol, triglycerides, and renal markers (P < 0.05). Notably, there were no statistically significant differences in these biomarkers between the CKD-only and CKD+HBV groups. Conclusions: Both CKD and CKD+HBV profoundly alter hematological and biochemical profiles compared to healthy controls. However, HBV co-infection did not significantly exacerbate these abnormalities in this cohort. These findings suggest that the profound metabolic and hematological disruptions driven by uremia may overshadow the secondary physiological effects of HBV infection, highlighting the need for future longitudinal studies incorporating viral load and multivariable modeling. (Copyright © 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.) |
| Competing Interests: | Declaration of Competing Interest - No conflicts of interest exist that need to be disclosed. -We thus affirm that we are the creators of all the tables and figures included in the article. |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease; Hematological Parameters; Hemodialysis; Hepatitis B Virus; Iraq; Lipid Profile; Renal Function |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 0 (Biomarkers) 0 (Lipids) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260503 Date Completed: 20260618 Latest Revision: 20260618 |
| Update Code: | 20260619 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2026.109099 |
| PMID: | 42070332 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1476-928X |
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| DOI: | 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2026.109099 |