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Removal of Lipid Artifacts in Amide Proton Transfer Imaging Using Differential Analysis With Fitted Magnetization Transfer and Lipid Signals (DIGITAL).

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Τίτλος: Removal of Lipid Artifacts in Amide Proton Transfer Imaging Using Differential Analysis With Fitted Magnetization Transfer and Lipid Signals (DIGITAL).
Συγγραφείς: Dai Z; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing Technology and Advanced Medical Instrument and Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China., Wang X; Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China., Yong X; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing Technology and Advanced Medical Instrument and Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China., Zhang J; Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China., Li Q; MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthcare Ltd., Shanghai, China., Zhang J; Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China., Zhang Y; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing Technology and Advanced Medical Instrument and Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Πηγή: Magnetic resonance in medicine [Magn Reson Med] 2026 Aug; Vol. 96 (2), pp. 756-770. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Apr 20.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Wiley Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8505245 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1522-2594 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 07403194 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Magn Reson Med Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: 1999- : New York, NY : Wiley
Original Publication: San Diego : Academic Press
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Lipids*/chemistry , Magnetic Resonance Imaging*/methods , Amides*/chemistry , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted*/methods, Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Adipose Tissue/diagnostic imaging ; Artifacts ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Protons ; Humans ; Reproducibility of Results ; Algorithms ; Computer Simulation ; Female ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
Περίληψη: Purpose: A differential analysis with fitted magnetization transfer and lipid signals (DIGITAL) method is proposed for eliminating fat artifacts and accurately extracting amide proton transfer (APT) contrast in lipid-rich regions.
Theory and Methods: The DIGITAL method integrates a two-pool water-magnetization transfer (MT) Bloch-McConnell (BM) model with a six-peak fat Bloch model. Renormalization is employed to correct fat-induced Z-spectrum distortion, and APT# signals are calculated by subtracting the fitted Z-spectrum from the raw Z-spectrum. The proposed DIGITAL method was evaluated using numerical simulations, phantoms, and breast tumor data, with its performance compared against prior multi-pool Lorentzian (MPL) and numerical fitting of extrapolated semisolid magnetization transfer reference signals (NEMR) methods. We also developed a voxel-wise reliability map to assess data and fit quality.
Results: In simulations and experiments, renormalization effectively corrected fat-induced signal scaling and restored the Z-spectrum value at 0 ppm to near 0. The proposed DIGITAL method demonstrated superior uniformity in APT# maps compared to MPL and NEMR. Moreover, DIGITAL was minimally affected by fat, exhibiting high robustness against variations in fat concentrations and a strong linear relationship with amide proton concentrations. In addition, the reliability map functioned as an essential quality assurance tool, enabling the identification of outliers and improving the overall precision of APT analysis.
Conclusion: The proposed DIGITAL method can effectively eliminate fat artifacts and extract accurate APT signals without requiring sequence modifications, offering a promising solution to the long-standing challenge of lipid contamination in body APT imaging.
(© 2026 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.)
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Grant Information: 2024YFC2707700 National Key Research and Development Program of China; 2023YFE0210300 National Key Research and Development Program of China; 2025ZFJH01 Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; LR26F010003 Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Bloch‐McConnell model; amide proton transfer (APT); differential analysis with fitted magnetization transfer and lipid signals (DIGITAL); lipid artifact suppression
Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Lipids)
0 (Protons)
0 (Amides)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260421 Date Completed: 20260615 Latest Revision: 20260615
Update Code: 20260616
DOI: 10.1002/mrm.70384
PMID: 42010775
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
Περιγραφή
ISSN:1522-2594
DOI:10.1002/mrm.70384