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A scoping review of national policies for healthy China from 2008 to 2024.

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Title: A scoping review of national policies for healthy China from 2008 to 2024.
Authors: Cai T; Medical School of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou, 313000, China., Yu H; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Normal University (Huzhou Third People's Hospital), Huzhou, 313000, China., Yao Y; Medical School of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou, 313000, China., Xia Y; Medical School of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou, 313000, China., Zhou Z; Medical School of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou, 313000, China., Shen J; Medical School of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou, 313000, China. sjiantong@163.com.; Huzhou Key Laboratory for Precision Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases, Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou, 313000, China. sjiantong@163.com., Lou J; Huzhou Key Laboratory for Precision Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases, Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou, 313000, China. jianlinlou@163.com.
Source: BMC public health [BMC Public Health] 2026 Apr 14; Vol. 26 (1). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Apr 14.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Scoping Review
Language: English
Journal Info: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100968562 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-2458 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14712458 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Public Health Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: London : BioMed Central, [2001-
MeSH Terms: Health Policy*, Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration ; China ; Humans ; Policy Making
Abstract: This study reviews all relevant national policies related to the Healthy China Strategy from 2008 to 2024 and identifies potential policy gaps from a health systems perspective. A scoping review was conducted. Out of 7,591 policies, 306 were included. Essential data were extracted and mapped. Over 60 ministries were involved in policy-making, with multisectoral cooperation becoming a key trend. The National Health Commission and the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine were identified as the primary leading ministries. To identify priorities and relationships, thematic content analysis was applied, which included the four systems, five reform pillars, and six domains. While several areas, such as leadership & governance, health workforce, and service delivery, received strong policy support, other components of the health system received limited coverage. Based on the findings, the following four policy recommendations are proposed: (1) facilitate multisectoral collaboration; (2) develop a unified policy system focused on Healthy China 2030; (3) strengthen health system building blocks, such as financing, health information, and medicine & technologies; (4) establish a comprehensive tracking, monitoring, and evaluation system.
Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval for this type of study is not required by our institute. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
References: Soc Sci Med. 2023 Apr;322:115827. (PMID: 36893504)
Front Pharmacol. 2020 Nov 26;11:602421. (PMID: 33381042)
BMJ. 2019 Jun 21;365:l4178. (PMID: 31227519)
Int J Nurs Stud. 2021 Dec;124:104084. (PMID: 34551370)
Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2024 May 04;46:101079. (PMID: 38726348)
Ann Intern Med. 2018 Oct 2;169(7):467-473. (PMID: 30178033)
J Adolesc Health. 2020 Nov;67(5S):S24-S31. (PMID: 33246530)
BMJ Glob Health. 2020 Mar 19;5(3):e002086. (PMID: 32257400)
Lancet. 2022 Jun 4;399(10341):2129-2154. (PMID: 35617980)
PLoS Med. 2022 Aug 16;19(8):e1004060. (PMID: 35972985)
Int J Equity Health. 2024 Aug 15;23(1):162. (PMID: 39148057)
Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2024 Jan 09;45:100992. (PMID: 38699293)
China CDC Wkly. 2021 Jan 22;3(4):78-80. (PMID: 34595007)
Lancet. 2020 Jun 6;395(10239):1802-1812. (PMID: 32505251)
Lancet Glob Health. 2020 Jan;8(1):e39-e49. (PMID: 31837954)
PLoS Med. 2021 Oct 15;18(10):e1003811. (PMID: 34653183)
JMIR Med Inform. 2020 Feb 10;8(2):e17006. (PMID: 32039815)
Inf Process Manag. 2021 Jul;58(4):102562. (PMID: 33678941)
Lancet Public Health. 2019 Sep;4(9):e447. (PMID: 31493840)
Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2021 Jan 23;7:100085. (PMID: 34327415)
BMJ Glob Health. 2024 May 13;9(5):. (PMID: 38740495)
BMJ. 2019 Jun 21;365:l4015. (PMID: 31227512)
Front Public Health. 2023 Apr 25;11:1149838. (PMID: 37181691)
Soc Sci Med. 2021 Jan;268:113372. (PMID: 32979776)
Lancet Public Health. 2022 Dec;7(12):e1051-e1063. (PMID: 36462516)
Glob Health Res Policy. 2023 Dec 18;8(1):53. (PMID: 38105284)
Int J Equity Health. 2020 Sep 21;19(1):163. (PMID: 32958064)
Lancet. 2019 Sep 28;394(10204):1192-1204. (PMID: 31571602)
Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2022 Nov 17;31:100646. (PMID: 36419465)
Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2022 Feb 02;31:100390. (PMID: 36879784)
Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2021 May 28;12:100168. (PMID: 34527965)
BMJ. 2019 Jun 19;365:l2349. (PMID: 31217222)
Lancet Public Health. 2023 Dec;8(12):e1025-e1034. (PMID: 38000882)
Grant Information: 20BTQ042 National Social Science Fund of China
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: China; Healthy China; Policy document; Policy review; Scoping review
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260413 Date Completed: 20260627 Latest Revision: 20260813
Update Code: 20260813
PubMed Central ID: PMC13245047
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-026-26396-3
PMID: 41975331
Database: MEDLINE
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  Data: A scoping review of national policies for healthy China from 2008 to 2024.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cai+T%22">Cai T</searchLink>; Medical School of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou, 313000, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Yu+H%22">Yu H</searchLink>; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Normal University (Huzhou Third People's Hospital), Huzhou, 313000, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Yao+Y%22">Yao Y</searchLink>; Medical School of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou, 313000, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Xia+Y%22">Xia Y</searchLink>; Medical School of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou, 313000, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zhou+Z%22">Zhou Z</searchLink>; Medical School of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou, 313000, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Shen+J%22">Shen J</searchLink>; Medical School of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou, 313000, China. sjiantong@163.com.; Huzhou Key Laboratory for Precision Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases, Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou, 313000, China. sjiantong@163.com.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lou+J%22">Lou J</searchLink>; Huzhou Key Laboratory for Precision Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases, Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou, 313000, China. jianlinlou@163.com.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22100968562%22">BMC public health</searchLink> [BMC Public Health] 2026 Apr 14; Vol. 26 (1). <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Apr 14.
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22BioMed+Central%22">BioMed Central </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>England <i>NLM ID: </i>100968562 <i>Publication Model: </i>Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1471-2458 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2214712458%22">14712458 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>BMC Public Health <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study reviews all relevant national policies related to the Healthy China Strategy from 2008 to 2024 and identifies potential policy gaps from a health systems perspective. A scoping review was conducted. Out of 7,591 policies, 306 were included. Essential data were extracted and mapped. Over 60 ministries were involved in policy-making, with multisectoral cooperation becoming a key trend. The National Health Commission and the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine were identified as the primary leading ministries. To identify priorities and relationships, thematic content analysis was applied, which included the four systems, five reform pillars, and six domains. While several areas, such as leadership & governance, health workforce, and service delivery, received strong policy support, other components of the health system received limited coverage. Based on the findings, the following four policy recommendations are proposed: (1) facilitate multisectoral collaboration; (2) develop a unified policy system focused on Healthy China 2030; (3) strengthen health system building blocks, such as financing, health information, and medicine & technologies; (4) establish a comprehensive tracking, monitoring, and evaluation system.
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Competing Interests
  Group: Ab
  Data: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval for this type of study is not required by our institute. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
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  Label: References
  Group: RefInfo
  Data: Soc Sci Med. 2023 Apr;322:115827. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236893504%22">36893504)</searchLink><br />Front Pharmacol. 2020 Nov 26;11:602421. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233381042%22">33381042)</searchLink><br />BMJ. 2019 Jun 21;365:l4178. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231227519%22">31227519)</searchLink><br />Int J Nurs Stud. 2021 Dec;124:104084. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234551370%22">34551370)</searchLink><br />Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2024 May 04;46:101079. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238726348%22">38726348)</searchLink><br />Ann Intern Med. 2018 Oct 2;169(7):467-473. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230178033%22">30178033)</searchLink><br />J Adolesc Health. 2020 Nov;67(5S):S24-S31. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233246530%22">33246530)</searchLink><br />BMJ Glob Health. 2020 Mar 19;5(3):e002086. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232257400%22">32257400)</searchLink><br />Lancet. 2022 Jun 4;399(10341):2129-2154. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235617980%22">35617980)</searchLink><br />PLoS Med. 2022 Aug 16;19(8):e1004060. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235972985%22">35972985)</searchLink><br />Int J Equity Health. 2024 Aug 15;23(1):162. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239148057%22">39148057)</searchLink><br />Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2024 Jan 09;45:100992. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238699293%22">38699293)</searchLink><br />China CDC Wkly. 2021 Jan 22;3(4):78-80. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234595007%22">34595007)</searchLink><br />Lancet. 2020 Jun 6;395(10239):1802-1812. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232505251%22">32505251)</searchLink><br />Lancet Glob Health. 2020 Jan;8(1):e39-e49. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231837954%22">31837954)</searchLink><br />PLoS Med. 2021 Oct 15;18(10):e1003811. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234653183%22">34653183)</searchLink><br />JMIR Med Inform. 2020 Feb 10;8(2):e17006. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232039815%22">32039815)</searchLink><br />Inf Process Manag. 2021 Jul;58(4):102562. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233678941%22">33678941)</searchLink><br />Lancet Public Health. 2019 Sep;4(9):e447. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231493840%22">31493840)</searchLink><br />Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2021 Jan 23;7:100085. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234327415%22">34327415)</searchLink><br />BMJ Glob Health. 2024 May 13;9(5):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238740495%22">38740495)</searchLink><br />BMJ. 2019 Jun 21;365:l4015. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231227512%22">31227512)</searchLink><br />Front Public Health. 2023 Apr 25;11:1149838. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237181691%22">37181691)</searchLink><br />Soc Sci Med. 2021 Jan;268:113372. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232979776%22">32979776)</searchLink><br />Lancet Public Health. 2022 Dec;7(12):e1051-e1063. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236462516%22">36462516)</searchLink><br />Glob Health Res Policy. 2023 Dec 18;8(1):53. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238105284%22">38105284)</searchLink><br />Int J Equity Health. 2020 Sep 21;19(1):163. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232958064%22">32958064)</searchLink><br />Lancet. 2019 Sep 28;394(10204):1192-1204. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231571602%22">31571602)</searchLink><br />Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2022 Nov 17;31:100646. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236419465%22">36419465)</searchLink><br />Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2022 Feb 02;31:100390. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236879784%22">36879784)</searchLink><br />Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2021 May 28;12:100168. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234527965%22">34527965)</searchLink><br />BMJ. 2019 Jun 19;365:l2349. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231217222%22">31217222)</searchLink><br />Lancet Public Health. 2023 Dec;8(12):e1025-e1034. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238000882%22">38000882)</searchLink>
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