Academic Journal
Προβολή σε EDS

A scoping review of national policies for healthy China from 2008 to 2024.

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
Τίτλος: A scoping review of national policies for healthy China from 2008 to 2024.
Συγγραφείς: Cai T; Medical School of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou, 313000, China., Yu H; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Normal University (Huzhou Third People's Hospital), Huzhou, 313000, China., Yao Y; Medical School of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou, 313000, China., Xia Y; Medical School of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou, 313000, China., Zhou Z; Medical School of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou, 313000, China., Shen J; Medical School of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou, 313000, China. sjiantong@163.com.; Huzhou Key Laboratory for Precision Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases, Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou, 313000, China. sjiantong@163.com., Lou J; Huzhou Key Laboratory for Precision Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases, Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou, 313000, China. jianlinlou@163.com.
Πηγή: BMC public health [BMC Public Health] 2026 Apr 14; Vol. 26 (1). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Apr 14.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article; Scoping Review
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100968562 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-2458 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14712458 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Public Health Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: London : BioMed Central, [2001-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Health Policy*, Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration ; China ; Humans ; Policy Making
Περίληψη: This study reviews all relevant national policies related to the Healthy China Strategy from 2008 to 2024 and identifies potential policy gaps from a health systems perspective. A scoping review was conducted. Out of 7,591 policies, 306 were included. Essential data were extracted and mapped. Over 60 ministries were involved in policy-making, with multisectoral cooperation becoming a key trend. The National Health Commission and the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine were identified as the primary leading ministries. To identify priorities and relationships, thematic content analysis was applied, which included the four systems, five reform pillars, and six domains. While several areas, such as leadership & governance, health workforce, and service delivery, received strong policy support, other components of the health system received limited coverage. Based on the findings, the following four policy recommendations are proposed: (1) facilitate multisectoral collaboration; (2) develop a unified policy system focused on Healthy China 2030; (3) strengthen health system building blocks, such as financing, health information, and medicine & technologies; (4) establish a comprehensive tracking, monitoring, and evaluation system.
Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval for this type of study is not required by our institute. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
References: Kim S, Headley TY, Tozan Y. Universal healthcare coverage and health service delivery before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A difference-in-difference study of childhood immunization coverage from 195 countries. PLoS Med. 2022;19(8):e1004060. (PMID: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1004060359729859380914)
Wagstaff A, Neelsen S. A comprehensive assessment of universal health coverage in 111 countries: a retrospective observational study. Lancet Global Health. 2020;8(1):e39–49. (PMID: 10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30463-231837954)
Ren M, Zhang T, Xu J, et al. Building quality primary health care development in the new era towards universal health coverage: a Beijing initiative. Glob Health Res Policy. 2023;8(1):53. (PMID: 10.1186/s41256-023-00341-y3810528410726680)
Nikoloski Z, McGuire A, Mossialos E. Evaluation of progress toward universal health coverage in myanmar: A National and subnational analysis. PLoS Med. 2021;18(10):e1003811. (PMID: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003811346531838519424)
Yang D, Nikoloski Z, Khalid G, Mossialos E. Pakistan’s path to universal health coverage: National and regional insights. Int J Equity Health. 2024;23(1):162. (PMID: 10.1186/s12939-024-02232-13914805711325752)
Tangcharoensathien V, Tisayaticom K, Suphanchaimat R, Vongmongkol V, Viriyathorn S, Limwattananon S. Financial risk protection of thailand’s universal health coverage: results from series of National household surveys between 1996 and 2015. Int J Equity Health. 2020;19(1):163. (PMID: 10.1186/s12939-020-01273-6329580647507254)
Damrongplasit K, Melnick G. Utilisation, out-of-pocket payments and access before and after COVID-19: Thailand’s Universal Health Coverage Scheme. BMJ Glob Health. 2024;9(5):e015179.
Yip W, Fu H, Chen AT, et al. 10 years of health-care reform in china: progress and gaps in universal health coverage. Lancet. 2019;394(10204):1192–204. (PMID: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32136-131571602)
Tao W, Zeng Z, Dang H, et al. Towards universal health coverage: lessons from 10 years of healthcare reform in China. BMJ Glob Health. 2020;5(3):e002086. (PMID: 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002086322574007103824)
Li Y, Zhang C, Zhan P, Fu H, Yip W. Trends and projections of universal health coverage indicators in China, 1993–2030: an analysis of data from four nationwide household surveys. Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2023;31:100646. (PMID: 36419465)
Zhou Y, Li C, Wang M, et al. Universal health coverage in china: a serial National cross-sectional study of surveys from 2003 to 2018. Lancet Public Health. 2022;7(12):e1051–63. (PMID: 10.1016/S2468-2667(22)00251-136462516)
National Health Commission. Research report on the. Healthy China 2020 strategy. 2008. https://www.gov.cn/gzdt/2012-08/17/content_2205978.htm . Accessed 2024 11.
Dong B, Zou Z, Song Y, et al. Adolescent health and healthy China 2030: A review. J Adolesc Health. 2020;67(5s):S24–31. (PMID: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.07.02333246530)
Meng Q, Yin D, Mills A, Abbasi K. China’s encouraging commitment to health. BMJ. 2019;365:l4178. (PMID: 10.1136/bmj.l4178312275196598728)
State Council. Healthy China 2030 Planning Outline. 2016. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2016-10/25/content_5124174.htm . Accessed 2024 11.
Bragg F, Halsey J, Guo Y, et al. Blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study. Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2021;7:100085. (PMID: 343274158315364)
Jiang Z, Jiang W. Health education in the healthy China initiative 2019–2030. China CDC Wkly. 2021;3(4):78–80. (PMID: 10.46234/ccdcw2021.018345950078393088)
Chen P, Li F, Harmer P. Healthy China 2030: moving from blueprint to action with a new focus on public health. Lancet Public Health. 2019;4(9):e447. (PMID: 10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30160-431493840)
Yip W, Fu H, Jian W, et al. Universal health coverage in China part 1: progress and gaps. Lancet Public Health. 2023;8(12):e1025–34. (PMID: 10.1016/S2468-2667(23)00254-238000882)
OECD. Health Statistics. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2023. https://stats.oecd.org/Index.%20aspx?DataSetCode=HEALTH_PROC . Accessed 2024 11.
National Bureau of Statistics. Health and health undertakings have made great strides in the development of people’s health rights and interests are effectively safeguarded. 2024. https://www.gov.cn/lianbo/bumen/202409/content_6976411.htm . Accessed 2024 11.
Xinhua News Agency. An overview of the development of health care in the 75th anniversary of the founding of New China.2024. https://www.gov.cn/yaowen/liebiao/202409/content_6975418.htm . Accessed 2024 11.
Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, et al. PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(7):467–73. (PMID: 10.7326/M18-085030178033)
Yang C, Huang C. Quantitative mapping of the evolution of AI policy distribution, targets and focuses over three decades in China. Technol Forecast Soc Chang. 2022;174:121188. (PMID: 10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121188)
World Health Organization (WHO). Monitoring the building blocks of health systems: a handbook of indicators and their measurement strategies. Geneva: WHO; 2010.
Xiong S, Cai C, Jiang W, et al. Primary health care system responses to non-communicable disease prevention and control: a scoping review of National policies in Mainland China since the 2009 health reform. Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2023;31:100390. (PMID: 36879784)
Wu J, Wang K, He C, Huang X, Dong K. Characterizing the patterns of china’s policies against COVID-19: A bibliometric study. Inf Process Manag. 2021;58(4):102562. (PMID: 10.1016/j.ipm.2021.102562336789417923916)
Ye P, Jin Y, Er Y, et al. A scoping review of National policies for healthy ageing in Mainland China from 2016 to 2020. Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2021;12:100168. (PMID: 345279658356098)
Jin Y, Ye P, Tian M, et al. A scoping review of National policies for child road injury in China. Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2024;46:101079. (PMID: 3872634811079522)
Meng Q, Mills A, Wang L, Han Q. What can we learn from china’s health system reform? BMJ. 2019;365:l2349. (PMID: 10.1136/bmj.l2349312172226598719)
Wei Z, Bai J, Feng R. Optimization referral rate design for hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system based on accessibility-utilization efficiency bi-objective collaboration: A case study of China. Soc Sci Med. 2023;322:115827. (PMID: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.11582736893504)
Zhou Z, Zhao Y, Shen C, Lai S, Nawaz R, Gao J. Evaluating the effect of hierarchical medical system on health seeking behavior: A difference-in-differences analysis in China. Soc Sci Med. 2021;268:113372. (PMID: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.11337232979776)
Li X, Krumholz HM, Yip W, et al. Quality of primary health care in china: challenges and recommendations. Lancet. 2020;395(10239):1802–12. (PMID: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30122-7325052517272159)
Su M, Zhou Z, Si Y, Wei X. Effect of health alliances on the quality of primary care in urban china: a coarsened exact matching difference-in-differences analysis. Lancet. 2019;394:S86. (PMID: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32422-5)
Xu J, Jian W, Zhu K, Kwon S, Fang H. Reforming public hospital financing in china: progress and challenges. BMJ. 2019;365:l4015. (PMID: 10.1136/bmj.l4015312275126598707)
Zhang H, Luo D, Lu Y, Zhu H, Zhang G, Li M. Growth and challenges of china’s nursing workforce from 1998 to 2018: A retrospective data analysis. Int J Nurs Stud. 2021;124:104084. (PMID: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.10408434551370)
Sun M, Zhou H, Li Y, et al. Professional characteristics, numbers, distribution and training of china’s mental health workforce from 2000 to 2020: a scoping review. Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2024;45:100992. (PMID: 3869929311064725)
Measuring the availability of human resources for. Health and its relationship to universal health coverage for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019. Lancet. 2022;399(10341):2129–54. (PMID: 10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00532-3)
Liang J, Li Y, Zhang Z, et al. Evaluating the applications of health information technologies in China during the past 11 years: consecutive survey data analysis. JMIR Med Inf. 2020;8(2):e17006. (PMID: 10.2196/17006)
Zhang M, Zou K, Liu Z, et al. Availability of essential medicines, progress and regional distribution in china: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health. 2023;11:1149838. (PMID: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.11498383718169110167309)
Yang C, Hu S, Ye D, Jiang M, Babar ZU, Fang Y. Evaluating price and availability of essential medicines in china: A mixed Cross-Sectional and longitudinal study. Front Pharmacol. 2020;11:602421. (PMID: 10.3389/fphar.2020.602421333810427768899)
Grant Information: 20BTQ042 National Social Science Fund of China
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: China; Healthy China; Policy document; Policy review; Scoping review
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260413 Date Completed: 20260627 Latest Revision: 20260726
Update Code: 20260726
PubMed Central ID: PMC13245047
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-026-26396-3
PMID: 41975331
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
CustomLinks:
  – Url: https://resolver.ebsco.com/c/fiv2js/result?sid=EBSCO:cmedm&genre=article&issn=14712458&ISBN=&volume=26&issue=1&date=20260414&spage=&pages=&title=BMC public health&atitle=A%20scoping%20review%20of%20national%20policies%20for%20healthy%20China%20from%202008%20to%202024.&aulast=Cai%20T&id=DOI:10.1186/s12889-026-26396-3
    Name: Full Text Finder (for New FTF UI) (ns324271)
    Category: fullText
    Text: Full Text Finder
    MouseOverText: Full Text Finder
Header DbId: cmedm
DbLabel: MEDLINE
An: 41975331
AccessLevel: 3
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: A scoping review of national policies for healthy China from 2008 to 2024.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cai+T%22">Cai T</searchLink>; Medical School of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou, 313000, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Yu+H%22">Yu H</searchLink>; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou Normal University (Huzhou Third People's Hospital), Huzhou, 313000, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Yao+Y%22">Yao Y</searchLink>; Medical School of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou, 313000, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Xia+Y%22">Xia Y</searchLink>; Medical School of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou, 313000, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zhou+Z%22">Zhou Z</searchLink>; Medical School of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou, 313000, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Shen+J%22">Shen J</searchLink>; Medical School of Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou, 313000, China. sjiantong@163.com.; Huzhou Key Laboratory for Precision Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases, Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou, 313000, China. sjiantong@163.com.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lou+J%22">Lou J</searchLink>; Huzhou Key Laboratory for Precision Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases, Huzhou Normal University, Huzhou, 313000, China. jianlinlou@163.com.
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22100968562%22">BMC public health</searchLink> [BMC Public Health] 2026 Apr 14; Vol. 26 (1). <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Apr 14.
– Name: TypePub
  Label: Publication Type
  Group: TypPub
  Data: Journal Article; Scoping Review
– Name: Language
  Label: Language
  Group: Lang
  Data: English
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Journal Info
  Group: Src
  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22BioMed+Central%22">BioMed Central </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>England <i>NLM ID: </i>100968562 <i>Publication Model: </i>Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1471-2458 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2214712458%22">14712458 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>BMC Public Health <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
– Name: PublisherInfo
  Label: Imprint Name(s)
  Group: PubInfo
  Data: <i>Original Publication</i>: London : BioMed Central, [2001-
– Name: SubjectMESH
  Label: MeSH Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Health+Policy%22">Health Policy*</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Delivery+of+Health+Care%22">Delivery of Health Care</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Delivery+of+Health+Care+organization+%26+administration%22">organization & administration</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22China%22">China</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Humans%22">Humans</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Policy+Making%22">Policy Making</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: This study reviews all relevant national policies related to the Healthy China Strategy from 2008 to 2024 and identifies potential policy gaps from a health systems perspective. A scoping review was conducted. Out of 7,591 policies, 306 were included. Essential data were extracted and mapped. Over 60 ministries were involved in policy-making, with multisectoral cooperation becoming a key trend. The National Health Commission and the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine were identified as the primary leading ministries. To identify priorities and relationships, thematic content analysis was applied, which included the four systems, five reform pillars, and six domains. While several areas, such as leadership & governance, health workforce, and service delivery, received strong policy support, other components of the health system received limited coverage. Based on the findings, the following four policy recommendations are proposed: (1) facilitate multisectoral collaboration; (2) develop a unified policy system focused on Healthy China 2030; (3) strengthen health system building blocks, such as financing, health information, and medicine & technologies; (4) establish a comprehensive tracking, monitoring, and evaluation system.
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Competing Interests
  Group: Ab
  Data: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval for this type of study is not required by our institute. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
– Name: Ref
  Label: References
  Group: RefInfo
  Data: Kim S, Headley TY, Tozan Y. Universal healthcare coverage and health service delivery before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A difference-in-difference study of childhood immunization coverage from 195 countries. PLoS Med. 2022;19(8):e1004060. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2210%2E1371%2Fjournal%2Epmed%2E1004060359729859380914%22">10.1371/journal.pmed.1004060359729859380914)</searchLink><br />Wagstaff A, Neelsen S. A comprehensive assessment of universal health coverage in 111 countries: a retrospective observational study. Lancet Global Health. 2020;8(1):e39–49. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2210%2E1016%2FS2214-109X%2819%2930463-231837954%22">10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30463-231837954)</searchLink><br />Ren M, Zhang T, Xu J, et al. Building quality primary health care development in the new era towards universal health coverage: a Beijing initiative. Glob Health Res Policy. 2023;8(1):53. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2210%2E1186%2Fs41256-023-00341-y3810528410726680%22">10.1186/s41256-023-00341-y3810528410726680)</searchLink><br />Nikoloski Z, McGuire A, Mossialos E. Evaluation of progress toward universal health coverage in myanmar: A National and subnational analysis. PLoS Med. 2021;18(10):e1003811. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2210%2E1371%2Fjournal%2Epmed%2E1003811346531838519424%22">10.1371/journal.pmed.1003811346531838519424)</searchLink><br />Yang D, Nikoloski Z, Khalid G, Mossialos E. Pakistan’s path to universal health coverage: National and regional insights. Int J Equity Health. 2024;23(1):162. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2210%2E1186%2Fs12939-024-02232-13914805711325752%22">10.1186/s12939-024-02232-13914805711325752)</searchLink><br />Tangcharoensathien V, Tisayaticom K, Suphanchaimat R, Vongmongkol V, Viriyathorn S, Limwattananon S. Financial risk protection of thailand’s universal health coverage: results from series of National household surveys between 1996 and 2015. Int J Equity Health. 2020;19(1):163. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2210%2E1186%2Fs12939-020-01273-6329580647507254%22">10.1186/s12939-020-01273-6329580647507254)</searchLink><br />Damrongplasit K, Melnick G. Utilisation, out-of-pocket payments and access before and after COVID-19: Thailand’s Universal Health Coverage Scheme. BMJ Glob Health. 2024;9(5):e015179.<br />Yip W, Fu H, Chen AT, et al. 10 years of health-care reform in china: progress and gaps in universal health coverage. Lancet. 2019;394(10204):1192–204. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2210%2E1016%2FS0140-6736%2819%2932136-131571602%22">10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32136-131571602)</searchLink><br />Tao W, Zeng Z, Dang H, et al. Towards universal health coverage: lessons from 10 years of healthcare reform in China. BMJ Glob Health. 2020;5(3):e002086. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2210%2E1136%2Fbmjgh-2019-002086322574007103824%22">10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002086322574007103824)</searchLink><br />Li Y, Zhang C, Zhan P, Fu H, Yip W. Trends and projections of universal health coverage indicators in China, 1993–2030: an analysis of data from four nationwide household surveys. Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2023;31:100646. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236419465%22">36419465)</searchLink><br />Zhou Y, Li C, Wang M, et al. Universal health coverage in china: a serial National cross-sectional study of surveys from 2003 to 2018. Lancet Public Health. 2022;7(12):e1051–63. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2210%2E1016%2FS2468-2667%2822%2900251-136462516%22">10.1016/S2468-2667(22)00251-136462516)</searchLink><br />National Health Commission. Research report on the. Healthy China 2020 strategy. 2008. https://www.gov.cn/gzdt/2012-08/17/content_2205978.htm . Accessed 2024 11.<br />Dong B, Zou Z, Song Y, et al. Adolescent health and healthy China 2030: A review. J Adolesc Health. 2020;67(5s):S24–31. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2210%2E1016%2Fj%2Ejadohealth%2E2020%2E07%2E02333246530%22">10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.07.02333246530)</searchLink><br />Meng Q, Yin D, Mills A, Abbasi K. China’s encouraging commitment to health. BMJ. 2019;365:l4178. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2210%2E1136%2Fbmj%2El4178312275196598728%22">10.1136/bmj.l4178312275196598728)</searchLink><br />State Council. Healthy China 2030 Planning Outline. 2016. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2016-10/25/content_5124174.htm . Accessed 2024 11.<br />Bragg F, Halsey J, Guo Y, et al. Blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases in Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study. Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2021;7:100085. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%22343274158315364%22">343274158315364)</searchLink><br />Jiang Z, Jiang W. Health education in the healthy China initiative 2019–2030. China CDC Wkly. 2021;3(4):78–80. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2210%2E46234%2Fccdcw2021%2E018345950078393088%22">10.46234/ccdcw2021.018345950078393088)</searchLink><br />Chen P, Li F, Harmer P. Healthy China 2030: moving from blueprint to action with a new focus on public health. Lancet Public Health. 2019;4(9):e447. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2210%2E1016%2FS2468-2667%2819%2930160-431493840%22">10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30160-431493840)</searchLink><br />Yip W, Fu H, Jian W, et al. Universal health coverage in China part 1: progress and gaps. Lancet Public Health. 2023;8(12):e1025–34. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2210%2E1016%2FS2468-2667%2823%2900254-238000882%22">10.1016/S2468-2667(23)00254-238000882)</searchLink><br />OECD. Health Statistics. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2023. https://stats.oecd.org/Index.%20aspx?DataSetCode=HEALTH_PROC . Accessed 2024 11.<br />National Bureau of Statistics. Health and health undertakings have made great strides in the development of people’s health rights and interests are effectively safeguarded. 2024. https://www.gov.cn/lianbo/bumen/202409/content_6976411.htm . Accessed 2024 11.<br />Xinhua News Agency. An overview of the development of health care in the 75th anniversary of the founding of New China.2024. https://www.gov.cn/yaowen/liebiao/202409/content_6975418.htm . Accessed 2024 11.<br />Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, et al. PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(7):467–73. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2210%2E7326%2FM18-085030178033%22">10.7326/M18-085030178033)</searchLink><br />Yang C, Huang C. Quantitative mapping of the evolution of AI policy distribution, targets and focuses over three decades in China. Technol Forecast Soc Chang. 2022;174:121188. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2210%2E1016%2Fj%2Etechfore%2E2021%2E121188%22">10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121188)</searchLink><br />World Health Organization (WHO). Monitoring the building blocks of health systems: a handbook of indicators and their measurement strategies. Geneva: WHO; 2010.<br />Xiong S, Cai C, Jiang W, et al. Primary health care system responses to non-communicable disease prevention and control: a scoping review of National policies in Mainland China since the 2009 health reform. Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2023;31:100390. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236879784%22">36879784)</searchLink><br />Wu J, Wang K, He C, Huang X, Dong K. Characterizing the patterns of china’s policies against COVID-19: A bibliometric study. Inf Process Manag. 2021;58(4):102562. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2210%2E1016%2Fj%2Eipm%2E2021%2E102562336789417923916%22">10.1016/j.ipm.2021.102562336789417923916)</searchLink><br />Ye P, Jin Y, Er Y, et al. A scoping review of National policies for healthy ageing in Mainland China from 2016 to 2020. Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2021;12:100168. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%22345279658356098%22">345279658356098)</searchLink><br />Jin Y, Ye P, Tian M, et al. A scoping review of National policies for child road injury in China. Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2024;46:101079. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%223872634811079522%22">3872634811079522)</searchLink><br />Meng Q, Mills A, Wang L, Han Q. What can we learn from china’s health system reform? BMJ. 2019;365:l2349. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2210%2E1136%2Fbmj%2El2349312172226598719%22">10.1136/bmj.l2349312172226598719)</searchLink><br />Wei Z, Bai J, Feng R. Optimization referral rate design for hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system based on accessibility-utilization efficiency bi-objective collaboration: A case study of China. Soc Sci Med. 2023;322:115827. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2210%2E1016%2Fj%2Esocscimed%2E2023%2E11582736893504%22">10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.11582736893504)</searchLink><br />Zhou Z, Zhao Y, Shen C, Lai S, Nawaz R, Gao J. Evaluating the effect of hierarchical medical system on health seeking behavior: A difference-in-differences analysis in China. Soc Sci Med. 2021;268:113372. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2210%2E1016%2Fj%2Esocscimed%2E2020%2E11337232979776%22">10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.11337232979776)</searchLink><br />Li X, Krumholz HM, Yip W, et al. Quality of primary health care in china: challenges and recommendations. Lancet. 2020;395(10239):1802–12. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2210%2E1016%2FS0140-6736%2820%2930122-7325052517272159%22">10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30122-7325052517272159)</searchLink><br />Su M, Zhou Z, Si Y, Wei X. Effect of health alliances on the quality of primary care in urban china: a coarsened exact matching difference-in-differences analysis. Lancet. 2019;394:S86. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2210%2E1016%2FS0140-6736%2819%2932422-5%22">10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32422-5)</searchLink><br />Xu J, Jian W, Zhu K, Kwon S, Fang H. Reforming public hospital financing in china: progress and challenges. BMJ. 2019;365:l4015. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2210%2E1136%2Fbmj%2El4015312275126598707%22">10.1136/bmj.l4015312275126598707)</searchLink><br />Zhang H, Luo D, Lu Y, Zhu H, Zhang G, Li M. Growth and challenges of china’s nursing workforce from 1998 to 2018: A retrospective data analysis. Int J Nurs Stud. 2021;124:104084. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2210%2E1016%2Fj%2Eijnurstu%2E2021%2E10408434551370%22">10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.10408434551370)</searchLink><br />Sun M, Zhou H, Li Y, et al. Professional characteristics, numbers, distribution and training of china’s mental health workforce from 2000 to 2020: a scoping review. Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2024;45:100992. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%223869929311064725%22">3869929311064725)</searchLink><br />Measuring the availability of human resources for. Health and its relationship to universal health coverage for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019. Lancet. 2022;399(10341):2129–54. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2210%2E1016%2FS0140-6736%2822%2900532-3%22">10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00532-3)</searchLink><br />Liang J, Li Y, Zhang Z, et al. Evaluating the applications of health information technologies in China during the past 11 years: consecutive survey data analysis. JMIR Med Inf. 2020;8(2):e17006. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2210%2E2196%2F17006%22">10.2196/17006)</searchLink><br />Zhang M, Zou K, Liu Z, et al. Availability of essential medicines, progress and regional distribution in china: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health. 2023;11:1149838. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2210%2E3389%2Ffpubh%2E2023%2E11498383718169110167309%22">10.3389/fpubh.2023.11498383718169110167309)</searchLink><br />Yang C, Hu S, Ye D, Jiang M, Babar ZU, Fang Y. Evaluating price and availability of essential medicines in china: A mixed Cross-Sectional and longitudinal study. Front Pharmacol. 2020;11:602421. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2210%2E3389%2Ffphar%2E2020%2E602421333810427768899%22">10.3389/fphar.2020.602421333810427768899)</searchLink>
– Name: GrantInfo
  Label: Grant Information
  Group: Grant
  Data: 20BTQ042 National Social Science Fund of China
– Name: SubjectMinor
  Label: Contributed Indexing
  Group:
  Data: <i>Keywords: </i>China; Healthy China; Policy document; Policy review; Scoping review
– Name: DateEntry
  Label: Entry Date(s)
  Group: Date
  Data: <i>Date Created: </i>20260413 <i>Date Completed: </i>20260627 <i>Latest Revision: </i>20260726
– Name: DateUpdate
  Label: Update Code
  Group: Date
  Data: 20260726
– Name: PubmedCentralID
  Label: PubMed Central ID
  Group: ID
  Data: PMC13245047
– Name: DOI
  Label: DOI
  Group: ID
  Data: 10.1186/s12889-026-26396-3
– Name: AN
  Label: PMID
  Group: ID
  Data: 41975331
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=cmedm&AN=41975331
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1186/s12889-026-26396-3
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Delivery of Health Care organization & administration
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: China
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Humans
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Policy Making
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Health Policy
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: A scoping review of national policies for healthy China from 2008 to 2024.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Cai T
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Yu H
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Yao Y
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Xia Y
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Zhou Z
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Shen J
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Lou J
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 14
              M: 04
              Text: 2026 Apr 14
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-electronic
              Value: 1471-2458
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 26
            – Type: issue
              Value: 1
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: BMC public health
              Type: main
ResultId 1