Academic Journal
Qualitative EEG abnormalities in ASD reflect inhibition-dominated brain dynamics.
| Title: | Qualitative EEG abnormalities in ASD reflect inhibition-dominated brain dynamics. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Avramiea AE; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, (CNCR), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1100, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychosocial Care, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Juarez-Martinez EL; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, (CNCR), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1100, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychosocial Care, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Garcés P; Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland., Hipp JF; Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland., Poil SS; Aspect Neuroprofiles BV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Diachenko M; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, (CNCR), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1100, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Mansvelder HD; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, (CNCR), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1100, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Jones E; Department of Psychological Sciences, Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK., Mason L; Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK., Murphy D; Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.; Institute for Translational Neurodevelopment/ South London and Maudsley, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK., Loth E; Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK., Oakley B; Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK., Charman T; Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK., Banaschewski T; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Mannheim-Heidelberg-Ulm, Mannheim, Germany., Oranje B; Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR), Psychiatric Center Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark., Buitelaar J; Department of Medical Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands., Bruining H; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychosocial Care, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. h.bruining@amsterdamumc.nl.; N=You Neurodevelopmental Precision Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. h.bruining@amsterdamumc.nl.; Levvel, Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. h.bruining@amsterdamumc.nl., Linkenkaer-Hansen K; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, (CNCR), Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1100, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. klaus.linkenkaer@cncr.vu.nl. |
| Source: | Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2026 Apr 03; Vol. 16 (1). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Apr 03. |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101563288 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2045-2322 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20452322 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sci Rep Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: London : Nature Publishing Group, copyright 2011- |
| MeSH Terms: | Electroencephalography*/methods , Autism Spectrum Disorder*/physiopathology , Brain*/physiopathology, Humans ; Female ; Child ; Male ; Adolescent |
| Abstract: | Qualitative EEG abnormalities are common in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and hypothesized to reflect disrupted excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance. To test this, we recently introduced a functional measure of network-level E/I ratio (fE/I). Here, we applied fE/I and other EEG measures to alpha oscillations from source-reconstructed data in the EU-AIMS dataset (267 ASD, 209 controls). We analyzed these measures alongside qualitative EEG abnormalities ranging from slowing of activity to epileptiform patterns, aiming to replicate the findings from the SPACE-BAMBI study. Contrary to our previous report, we did not observe increased fE/I variability in ASD compared to controls. EEG abnormalities were rare in adults and could not be statistically assessed. ASD children-adolescents with EEG abnormalities exhibited lower relative alpha power and fE/I compared to those without. However, EEG-abnormality scoring did not stratify the behavioral heterogeneity of ASD using clinical measures. Surprisingly, several controls also exhibited qualitative EEG abnormalities with a strikingly similar anatomical distribution of reduced fE/I, reflecting inhibition-dominated network dynamics in sensory processing regions. The robustness of this association between EEG abnormalities and reduced fE/I was further supported by re-analysis of the SPACE-BAMBI study in source space. Stratification by the presence of EEG abnormalities and their effects on network activity may help understand neurodevelopmental physiological heterogeneity and the difficulties in implementing E/I targeting treatments in unselected cohorts. |
| Competing Interests: | Declarations. Competing interests: H.B., K.L.-H., and S.-S.P. are shareholders of Aspect Neuroprofiles BV, which develops physiology-informed prognostic measures for neurodevelopmental disorders. K.L.-H. has filed the patent claim (PCT/NL2019/050167) “Method of determining brain activity”; with priority date 16 March 2018. TC has served as a paid consultant to F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. and Servier; and has received royalties from Sage Publications and Guilford Publications. A.E.-A. is a paid consultant for Aspect Neuroprofiles BV. J.B. has been in the past 3 years a consultant to / member of advisory board of / and/or speaker for Takeda, Roche, Medice, Angelini, Neuraxpharm, and Servier. He is not an employee of any of these companies, and not a stock shareholder of any of these companies. He has no other financial or material support, including expert testimony, patents, royalties. P.G. and J.F.H. are full-time employees of F. Hoffmann - La Roche Ltd. T.B. served in an advisory or consultancy role for eye level, Infectopharm, Medice, Neurim Pharmaceuticals, Oberberg GmbH and Takeda. He received conference support or speaker’s fee by Janssen-Cilag, Medice and Takeda. He received royalities from Hogrefe, Kohlhammer, CIP Medien, Oxford University Press. The rest of the authors have no competing interests to declare. The funders of the study had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report. |
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| Grant Information: | 406-15-256 Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; 10250022110003 Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; 612.001.123 Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; 604102 H2020 Society; NWA.1160.18.200 NWA; project number 31556-2012377 Amsterdam UMC TKI grant BRAINinBALANCE |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder; EEG; Excitation-inhibition balance |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260403 Date Completed: 20260627 Latest Revision: 20260627 |
| Update Code: | 20260627 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC13199430 |
| DOI: | 10.1038/s41598-026-42120-y |
| PMID: | 41932958 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 2045-2322 |
|---|---|
| DOI: | 10.1038/s41598-026-42120-y |