Global, regional, and national burden of meningitis, its risk factors, and aetiologies, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
Τίτλος:	Global, regional, and national burden of meningitis, its risk factors, and aetiologies, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.
Συλλογικό Έργο:	GBD 2023 Meningitis & Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators
Πηγή:	The Lancet. Neurology [Lancet Neurol] 2026 May; Vol. 25 (5), pp. 451-468. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Mar 27.
Τύπος έκδοσης:	Journal Article
Γλώσσα:	English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού:	Publisher: Lancet Pub. Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101139309 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1474-4465 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14744422 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Lancet Neurol Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s):	Original Publication: London, UK ; New York, NY : Lancet Pub. Group, 2002-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH):	Global Burden of Disease/trends , Meningitis/epidemiology , Meningitis/etiology , Meningitis/mortality, Humans ; Risk Factors ; Female ; Male ; Global Health ; Child, Preschool
Περίληψη:	Background: Meningitis remains the leading infectious cause of neurological disabilities globally, disproportionately affecting children younger than 5 years and populations in the African meningitis belt. Whereas previous global estimates focused on ten pathogen categories, this study presents the most comprehensive analysis to date, assessing the meningitis burden attributable to 17 causative pathogens based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2023 framework. Methods: GBD is a systematic, scientific effort aimed at quantifying the comparative magnitude of health loss caused by diseases, injuries, and risk factors across age groups, sexes, and geographical locations over time. We estimated meningitis mortality using the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) and morbidity using DisMod-MR 2.1, incorporating data from vital registration, verbal autopsy, surveillance, hospital data, and systematic reviews. Aetiology-specific estimates were generated with pathogen-linked case-fatality ratios and splined binomial regression models. Risk factor attribution was based on established risk-outcome pairs and population attributable fractions. Findings: In 2023, there were 259 000 (95% uncertainty interval 202 000-335 000) global deaths and 2·54 million (2·20-2·93) incident cases of meningitis. Children younger than 5 years accounted for more than a third of deaths (86 600 [53 300-149 000]). Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, non-polio enteroviruses, and other viruses were the leading causes of death, while non-polio enteroviruses caused the most cases. The four WHO-defined preventable meningitis pathogens of interest (S pneumoniae, N meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, and Group B streptococcus) contributed to 98 700 deaths (77 000-127 000) and 594 000 cases (514 000-686 000). Low birthweight, short gestation, and household air pollution were the top risk factors for meningitis-related mortality. Interpretation: Although mortality and incidence have declined significantly since 1990, progress is insufficient to meet WHO 2030 targets. Despite marked progress in reducing bacterial meningitis via global vaccination campaigns, a substantial meningitis burden persists, attributable both to common pathogens such as S pneumoniae and N meningitidis and to emerging non-bacterial pathogens such as Candida spp and drug-resistant fungi. Achieving WHO goals will require sustained investment in surveillance, vaccination, maternal screening, and health-system strengthening, especially in high-burden settings. Funding: Gates Foundation, Wellcome Trust, and UK Department of Health and Social Care. (Copyright © 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.)
Competing Interests:	Declaration of interests Q E S Adnani reports grant or contract support from the Indonesian Endowment Fund for Education (LPDP) on behalf of the Indonesian Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology, and managed under the EQUITY Program (Contract No. 4303/ B3/DT.03.08/2025 and 3927/UN6.RKT/HK.07.00/2025) (Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia), outside the submitted work. S A Afzal reports support for the present manuscript from the Institute of Public Health Lahore; grants or contracts from the Dean office Institute of Public Health Lahore; honoraria for experts, lectures, visiting speakers, and educational seminars provided by the Dean Institute of Public Health Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; support for attending meetings and travel provided by the Dean Institute of Public Health, Lahore, Pakistan; leadership or fiduciary roles in board, society, committee, or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid as a Member of the Pakistan Higher Education Commission Research Committee, Member of Pakistan Medical and Dental Commission Research and Journals Committee, Member of Pakistan National Bioethics Committee, Member of Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine, Member of Pakistan Association of Medical Editors, Member of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Society, a Fellow of LEADS International, Fellow of Faculty of Public Health UK, and as a Fellow of College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan; receipt of equipment, materials, drugs, and services including computer software and equipment from Bergen University Norway for research writing; and other financial or non-financial support from the Dean Public Health Institute of Public Health Birdwood Lahore, outside the submitted work. R Ancuceanu reports consulting fees from AbbVie and Merck Romania; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from AbbVie, Laropharm, Reckitt, Merck Romania, MagnaPharm, Biessen Pharma, and ALK Slovakia; and support for attending meetings or travel, or both, from Merck Romania and Reckitt; outside the submitted work. M S Aslam reports grants or contracts from Xiamen University Malaysia Research Fund (XMUMRF; grant numbers XMUMRF/2025-C15/ITCM/0006 and XMUMRF/2023-C11/ISEM/0041) outside the submitted work. A Beloukas reports grants or contracts from Gilead and GSK/ViiV, both paid to the University of West Attica; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Gilead and GSK/ViiV, both paid to the University of West Attica; support for attending meetings or travel, or both, from Gilead and GSK/ViiV, both paid to the University of West Attica; receipt of equipment, materials, drugs, medical writing, gifts, or other services from Cepheid; outside the submitted work. P Bettencourt reports the following patents: WO2020229805A1, BR112021022592A2, EP3965809A1, OA1202100511, US2023173050A1, EP4265271A2, EP4275700A2, EP4265271A3, and EP4275700A3; all outside the submitted work. S Bhaskar reports grants or contracts from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI; grant ID 23KF0126), JSPS and the Australian Academy of Science, JSPS International Fellowship (grant ID P23712); leadership or fiduciary roles in other board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid as District Chair, Diversity, Equity, Inclusion & Belonging of Rotary District 9675 (Sydney, Australia), as Chair, Founding Member and Manager of the Global Health & Migration Hub Community, Global Health Hub Germany (Berlin, Germany), as Editorial Board Member of PLOS One, BMC Neurology, Frontiers in Neurology, Frontiers in Stroke, Frontiers in Public Health, Journal of Aging Research, Neurology International, Diagnostics, and BMC Medical Research Methodology; as a member of the College of Reviewers, Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), Government of Canada; as the Director of Research of World Headache Society (Bengaluru, India); as Expert Adviser/Reviewer of Cariplo Foundation (Milan, Italy); as Visiting Director of National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Department of Neurology, Division of Cerebrovascular Medicine and Neurology, Suita (Osaka, Japan); as Member, Scientific Review Committee of Cardiff University Biobank (Cardiff, UK); as Chair of Rotary Reconciliation Action Plan; and as Healthcare and Medical Adviser at Japan Connect (Osaka, Japan); outside the submitted work. C Brown reports other financial or non-financial support from ad hoc one-off market research advisory, outside the submitted work. A K Demetriades reports a leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee or advocacy group, paid or unpaid as Board Member of EANS Foundation, Board Member and Vice President of Global Neuro Foundation, and Past President and Board Member of EANS (European Association of Neurosurgical Societies); outside the submitted work. D Dias da Silva reports grants or contracts from FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Project 2024.06933.RESTART) and E2S\|P.Porto - Escola Superior de Saúde do Politécnico do Porto; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto (Portugal) and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (Portugal); support for attending meetings or travel, or both, from E2S\|P.Porto - Escola Superior de Saúde do Politécnico do Porto, Portugal and Research Unit LAQV-REQUIMTE, Portugal; outside the submitted work. B G Gessner reports stock or stock options in Pfizer as a previous Pfizer employee; outside the submitted work. Z B Harboe reports grants or contracts from the Greater Copenhagen Health Science Partners (CAG VAX - Clinical Academic Group Translational Vaccine Research in High-Risk Adults), Independent Research Fund Denmark (Inge Lehmanns grant number 3162-00031B), Helen Rudes Foundation, the Danish Cancer Society (Grant number KBVU-MS R327-A19137), Novo Nordisk Foundation (grant number NNF24SA0090556), and the Danish National Research Foundation (grant number DNRF170). Z B Harboe is also affiliated as medical advisor to the Pneumococcal laboratory at Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark. Z B Harboe is a member of the Danish Vaccination Council; leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee or advocacy group, paid or unpaid with the Vaccine Study Group (EVASG), European Society of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID); all outside the submitted work. A Hassan reports consulting fees from Novartis, Sanofi Genzyme, Biologix, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Merz, Roche, Merck, Hikma Pharma, Janssen, Inspire Pharma, Future Pharma, and Elixir Pharma; payment or honoraria from Novartis, Allergan, AbbVie, Merck, Biologix, Viatris, Pfizer, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Roche, Sanofi Genzyme, Bayer, AstraZeneca, Hikma Pharma, Al Andalus, Chemipharm, Lundbeck, Elixir, EvaPharma, Inspire Pharma, Future Pharma, and Habib Scientific Office, and Everpharma; support for attending meetings or travel, or both, from Novartis, Allergan, Merz, Pfizer, Merck, Biologix, Roche, Sanofi Genzyme, Bayer, Hikma Pharma, Chemipharm, and Al Andalus and Clavita Pharma; leadership or fiduciary role in other organizations as Vice President of MENA headache society, board member of the Multiple Sclerosis chapter of the Egyptian Society of Neurology, board member of the Headache chapter of the Egyptian Society of Neurology, Member of committee of Education of the International Headache Society (IHS), membership committee of IHS and regional committee of IHS, outside the submitted work. C Herteliu reports grants or contracts from a project “Analysis of the impact of Covid-19 on the main demographic indicators in Romania and the Republic of Moldova by using econometric modeling” (code PN-IV-P8-8.3-ROMD-2023-0208) funded by the Romanian Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalization (MCID) through UEFISCDI; partially supported by a grant of the European Commission Horizon 4P-CAN (Personalised Cancer Primary Prevention Research through Citizen Participation and Digitally Enabled Social Innovation); partially supported by the project “Societal and Economic Resilience within multi-hazards environment in Romania” funded by European Union – NextgenerationEU; partially supported by the project “A better understanding of socio- economic systems using quantitative methods from Physics” funded by European Union-Romanian Government, under National Recovery and Resilience Plan for Romania (contract number 760050/ 23.05.2023, code PNRR-C9-I8-CF 267/29.11.2022), through the Romanian Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalization, within Component 9, Investment I8; and supported by NextgenerationEU and Romanian Government, under National Recovery and Resilience Plan for Romania (contract number 760034/23.05.2023, code PNRR-C9-I8-CF 255/ 29.11.2022), through the Romanian Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalization, within Component 9, Investment I8, outside the submitted work. I Ilic reports support for the present manuscript from the Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia (number 451-03-137/2025-03/200110). M Ilic reports support for the present manuscript from the Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia (number 451-03-47/2023-01/200111). N E Ismail reports a leadership or fiduciary role as the Bursar and Council Member of the Malaysian Academy of Pharmacy in Malaysia (unpaid), as a Committee Member of the Malaysian Pharmacists Society Education Chapter Committee (unpaid), and as Deputy President of Information Technology Service Management Forum (itSMF) Malaysia Chapter (unpaid); outside the submitted work. T Joo reports support for the present manuscript from the National Research, Development and Innovation Office in Hungary (RRF-2·3.1-21-2022-00006, Data-Driven Health Division of National Laboratory for Health Security. J Jozwiak reports payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Novartis, Adamed, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Servier, and Novo Nordisc, outside the submitted work. M K Kashyap reports grants or contracts from the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi (grant number 5/13/55/2020/NCD-III); and two Indian patents pending (2023-1100-3940 and 2023-1105-8515); outside the submitted work. J H Kempen reports support for the present manuscript from Sight for Souls and the Mass Eye and Ear Global Surgery Program; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from the University of Nebraska; leadership or fiduciary roles in other organisations with Sight for Souls as the Board of Directors President; stock or stock options in Betaliq (startup developing a new eye drop technology and a new beta blocker eye drop) and Tarsier (startup developing a novel anti-inflammatory eyedrop), outside the submitted work. J Khubchandani reports grants or contracts from Merck Pharmaceuticals; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from the North American Transplant Coordinators Organization and Elsevier; outside the submitted work. K Krishan reports non-financial support from the UGC Centre of Advanced Study, CAS II, awarded to the Department of Anthropology, and RUSA 2.O grant awarded to Panjab University (Chandigarh, India); outside the submitted work. H Liu reports other financial or non-financial support as a mentor of the National Medical Research Association (NMRA, UK), a member of British Society for Cardiovascular Research (BSCR, UK), and a member of Cardiovascular Analytics Group (CVAG, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China). These are non-profit academic associations and outside the submitted work. J Liu reports support for the present manuscript from the Prevention and Control of Emerging and Major Infectious Diseases- National Science and Technology Major Project (2025ZD01900800) and National Natural Science Foundation (72474005); grants or contracts from the National Science and Technology Major Project (2025ZD01900800), and National Natural Science Foundation (72474005). M Marks-Hultström reports grants or contracts from the Swedish Heart Lung Foundation and the Regional Health Authority Research Foundation for Middle Sweden; royalties or licenses for chapters in “Intensivvård”; support for attending meetings or travel, or both, from the American Physiological Society and the Swedish Intensive Care Society; leadership or fiduciary roles with the American Physiological Society (unpaid); outside the submitted work. R J Maude reports support for the present manuscript from the Wellcome Trust; this research was supported in part by the Wellcome Trust (grant number 220211) as it provides core funding for Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research and contributes to R J Maude's salary. R J Maude is required by Wellcome to acknowledge this grant in all publications. L Monasta reports support for the present manuscript from the Italian Ministry of Health (Ricerca Corrente 34/2017), payments made to the Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”. C Moore reports leadership or fiduciary roles in other board, society, committee, or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid, with the Microbiology Society as Co-chair for the Impact and Influence committee and co-lead for the Knocking Out AMR project, travel claimed for meetings; outside the submitted work. J Mosser reports support for the present manuscript from the Gates Foundation; grants or contracts from the Gates Foundation; payment or honoraria from Providence Health & Services honorarium for continuing medical education presentation; and support for attending meetings or travel, or both, from the Gates Foundation. S Nomura reports support for the present manuscript from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (grant 24H00663), and from the Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology from the Japan Science and Technology Agency (grant JPMJPR22R8). B Oancea reports support for the present manuscript from the Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalization through the Core Program of the National Research, Development and Innovation Plan 2022–2027, project number PN 23-02-0101, contract number 7N/2023. S K Panda reports support for the present manuscript from Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University) for payment of salary, and grants or contracts from file number 17-59/2023-24/CCRH/Tech./Coll./ ICMR-Diabetes/960 as Co-Investigator. G D Panos reports support for attending meetings or travel, or both, from Roche HELLAS and Bayer Greece; outside the submitted work. A Pollard reports grants or contracts from the Gates Foundation, Wellcome, Cepi, MRC, NIHR, AstraZeneca, European Commission, Serum Institute of India, and Ellison Institute of Technology, all grants paid to institution; royalties or licenses as a contributor to intellectual property licensed by Oxford University Innovation to AstraZeneca; consulting fees from Shiongoi and the Ellison Institute (Oxford); leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee, or advocacy group, paid or unpaid as chair of the UK Department of Health and Social Care's Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation 2013–2025; as Member of WHO's Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization until 2022; as Chair of WHO's Salmonella Technical Advisory Group until end of 2024 and current member; and as Member of WHO's Product Development for Vaccines Advisory Committee from August, 2025; receipt of equipment, materials, drugs, medical writing, gifts, or other services from Moderna to their institution, outside the submitted work. Y L Samodra reports grants or contracts from the Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine at National Taiwan University National Science and Technology Council (post-doctoral fellowship contract); leadership or fiduciary role with Benang (https://www.benangmerah.net) Merah Research Center; other financial or non-financial support from Jago Beasiswa (https://www.idebeasiswa.com) as a scholarship and academic consultant; outside the submitted work. V Sharma reports support from the Directorate of Forensic Science Services (Ministry of Home Affairs) research project (DFSS28(1)2019/EMR/6) and the Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA) grant at the Institute of Forensic Science & Criminology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India, outside the submitted work. V Shivarov reports patents planned, issued, or pending from the Bulgarian Patent Office; and other financial or non-financial support from ICON (salary); outside the submitted work. L M L R D Silva reports grants or contracts with SPRINT - Sport Physical Activity and Health Research e Innovation Center, Polytechnic of Guarda, 6300-559 6 Guarda, Portugal; and collaboration with RISE–UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal, outside the submitted work. E A F Simôes reports support for the present manuscript from the Gates Foundation; grants or contracts from AstraZeneca, Merck & Co, Pfizer, Vaxcyte, Enanta and Icosavax; consulting fees from Merck & Co, Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, AstraZeneca, Sanofi, Enanta, and Icosavax; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Pfizer and AstraZeneca; support for attending meetings or travel from Pfizer, Sanofi, and AstraZeneca; participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board with AbbVie, GlaxoSmithKline, and Moderna, outside the submitted work. M Zielińska reports other financial support as an AstraZeneca employee, outside the submitted work. J A Singh reports consulting fees from ROMTech, Atheneum, Clearview Healthcare Partners, American College of Rheumatology, Yale, Hulio, Horizon Pharmaceuticals, DINORA, ANI/ Exeltis, USA Inc, Frictionless Solutions, Schipher, Crealta/Horizon, Medisys, Fidia, PK Med, Two labs, Adept Field Solutions, Clinical Care options, Putnam Associates, Focus Forward, Navigant Consulting, Spherix, MedIQ, Jupiter Life Science, UBM LLC, Trio Health, Medscape, WebMD, Practice Point communications, the US National Institutes of Health, and the American College of Rheumatology; payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing, or educational events from Simply Speaking; support for attending meetings or travel, or both, from OMERACT as a past steering committee member; participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board with the US Food and Drug Administration Arthritis Advisory Committee as a previous member (no financial support); leadership or fiduciary roles in other board, society, committee, or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid as a past steering committee member of OMERACT; stock or stock options in Atai life sciences, Kintara therapeutics, Intelligent Biosolutions, Acumen Pharmaceutical, TPT Global Tech, Vaxart Pharmaceuticals, Atyu Biopharma, Adaptimmune Therapeutics, GeoVax Labs, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Enzolytics, Seres Therapeutics, Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp, Aebona Pharmaceuticals, and Charlotte's Web Holdings, and previously owned stock options in Amarin, Viking, and Moderna Pharmaceuticals; all outside the submitted work. S Singh reports grants or contracts from DTRA-Biological Threat Reduction Program, HDTRA1-21-1-0036; Indian Council of Medical Research, VIR/12/2022/ECD-1; and Institute of Eminence, Banaras Hindu University; outside the submitted work. J H V Ticoalu reports leadership or fiduciary role in other organisations from Benang (https://www.benangmerah.net) Merah Research Center; outside the submitted work. S J Tromans reports grants or contracts from part of the 2023/4 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey team, collecting epidemiological data on community-based adults living in England. This is a contracted study from NHS Digital, via the Department of Health and Social Care. S J Tromans has also contributed to multiple chapters of the 2023/4 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey report, payments made to the University of Leicester. S J Tromans led a study funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research Clinical Research Network, on optimising survey design for people with learning disability and autistic people, payments made to the University of Leicester. S J Tromans led a study from the National Institute for Health and Care Research related to reviewing a national training programme for health and social care professionals relating to learning disability and autism, payments made to the University of Leicester. S J Tromans was co-applicant on study funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research related to identification, recording, and reasonable adjustments for people with a learning disability and autistic people in NHS electronic clinical record systems, payments made to the University of Leicester. S J Tromans was co-applicant on a study funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research related to medication support interventions and strategies for people with learning disabilities, payments made to the University of Leicester. S J Tromans was lead applicant on a study funded by the Baily Thomas Charitable Fund investigating barriers, enablers, and interventions to facilitate deprescribing for people with intellectual disability, payments made to the University of Leicester. S J Tromans reports support for attending meetings or travel, or both, from the Royal College of Psychiatrists for accommodation and travel to conference events due to their role as academic secretary in the faculty of the Psychiatry of Intellectual Disability, as well as additional conference fees waived for Royal College of Psychiatrists; leadership or fiduciary roles as Academic Secretary for the Neurodevelopmental Psychiatry Special Interest Group and Psychiatry of Intellectual Disability Faculty at the Royal College of Psychiatrists; roles as Associate Editor for Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities, Editorial Board Member for Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry, Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disability, Advances in Autism, BMC Psychiatry, and BJPsych Open (no payments received for these roles); and royalties received as Editor of Psychiatry of Intellectual Disability Across Cultures (Oxford University Press); outside the submitted work. V S Tseriotis reports grants or contracts from the European Academy of Neurology, European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis; support for attending meetings or travel, or both, from Inovis, Genesis Pharma, and Novartis; outside the submitted work. E Upadhyay reports the following published patents: “A system and method of reusable filters for anti-pollution mask”, “A system and method for electricity generation through crop stubble by using microbial fuel cells”, “A system for disposed personal protection equipment (PPE) into biofuel through pyrolysis and method”, “A novel herbal pharmaceutical aid for formulation of gel and method thereof”, “Herbal drug formulation for treating lung tissue degenerated by particulate matter exposure”, and the following filed patents: “A method to transform cow dung into the wall paint by using natural materials and composition thereof”, “Biodegradable packaging composition and method of preparation thereof”, “Eco-friendly bio-shoe polish from banana and turmeric”, “Honey-based polyherbal syrup composition to treat air pollution-induced inflammation and preparation method thereof”, “Process for preparing a caffeine free, antioxidant and nutrient rich beverage”; leadership or fiduciary roles in other board, society, committee or advocacy groups, paid or unpaid, as Executive Council Member of the Indian Meteorological Society, Jaipur Chapter (India) and as Member Secretary of the DSTPURSE Program; all outside the submitted work. M Zielinska reports other financial or non-financial support as an Alexion, AstraZeneca Rare Disease employee, outside the submitted work. All other authors declare no competing interests.
Σχόλια:	Erratum in: Lancet Neurol. 2026 Jul;25(7):e12. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(26)00205-X.. (PMID: 42309090) Erratum in: Lancet Neurol. 2026 Aug;25(8):e13. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(26)00256-5.. (PMID: 42456688)
Contributed Indexing:	Investigator: SB Sirota, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; RG Bender, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.; RV Dominguez, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; A Vongpradith, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; A Movo, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; LR Swetschinski, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; DT Araki, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.; C Han, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; EE Wool, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; A A J Jabbar, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq.; MA Aalipour, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; H Aalruz, Department of Nursing, Al Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.; M Abbasi, Infectious and Tropical Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.; M Abbasifard, Department of Internal Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Clinical Research Development Unit, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.; F Abbaspour, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; H Abbastabar, Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center (ADIR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; S Abd ElHafeez, Department of Epidemiology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.; MA Abdalla, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK.; EM Abdallah, Department of Biology, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.; NMI Abdel Razeq, School of Nursing, The Univeristy of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.; S Abd-Elsalam, Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.; OA Abdelwahab, Internal Medicine Department, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.; M Abdoun, Department of Medicine, University of Setif Algeria, Setif, Algeria; Department of Health, University of Setif Algeria, Setif, Algeria.; A Abdous, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Faculity of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.; MM Abdrabou, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.; JM Abdul Aziz, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq; Baxshin Hospital, Baxshin Research Center, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.; RS Abdulkader, National Institute of Epidemiology, Indian Council of Medical Research, Chennai, India.; A Abdullahi, Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University Wukari, Wukari, Nigeria; Department of Physiotherapy, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria.; AE Abdulmalik, Department of Health Information Management, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo, Nigeria.; RF Abdulrahman, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq.; T Abdul-Rahman, Department of Research, Toufik's World Medical Association, Sumy, Ukraine.; A Abedi, Department of Emergency Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.; AA Abejew, School of Pharmacy, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.; SH Abidi, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.; OZ Abil, Department of Immunology, Tulane University, Covington, LA, USA; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia.; O Abiodun, Department of Community Medicine, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria.; R Abo Kasem, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Surgery, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.; RG Aboagye, Department of Family and Community Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana; School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; H Abolhassani, Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.; AT Aborode, Department of Research and Development, Healthy Africans Platform, Ibadan, Nigeria.; NM Abourashed, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia; Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.; D Abtahi, Department of Anesthesiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Z Abu, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.; RK Abu Farha, Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics Department, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.; S Abu Rumeileh, Department of Neurology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.; FHA Abuadas, Community Health Nursing Department, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.; AK Abubakar, Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Population Data Science, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.; IB Abubakar, Department of Family Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria; Health Policy Commission, The Nigerian Economic Summit Group, Abuja, Nigeria.; N Abu-Elala, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, King Salman International University, Rus Sudr, Egypt.; E Abu-Gharbieh, Clinical Sciences Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.; S Abuhammad, Department of Nursing, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Maternal and Child Health Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.; AY Abuhelwa, Department Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.; HJ Abukhadijah, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar; College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.; D Abushanab, Department of Pharmacy, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.; AB Acharya, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.; KP Acharya, Department of Livestock Services (DLS), Government of Nepal (GoN), Lalitpur, Nepal.; S Acharya, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India.; M Achore, Department of Population Health, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA.; LC Adams, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.; IY Addo, School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Centre for Social Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; D Adedia, School of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.; KA Adedokun, Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA; Graduate Program Division, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.; OA Adegboye, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia.; NA Adegoke, Translational Research Collective, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; V Adekanmbi, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.; OT Adeleke, Department of Family Medicine, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria; Department of Family Medicine, Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.; MA Adesina, Slum and Rural Health Initiative Research Academy, Slum and Rural Health Initiative, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Physiotherapy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.; RO Adesola, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.; JB Adetunji, Department of Biochemistry, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria.; IP Adewumi, University of Medical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo, Nigeria.; TE Adeyeoluwa, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.; A Adiba, Department of Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Institute, Morocco, Beni Mellal, Morocco.; U Adiga, Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Chittoor, Apollo Hospital, Chittoor, India.; M Adnan, Department of Biology, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.; QES Adnani, Department of Public Health, Universitas Padjadjaran (Padjadjaran University), Bandung, Indonesia.; PO Adoma, Department of Health Administration and Education, University of Education, Winneba, Winneba, Ghana.; G Affinito, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Naples 'Federico II' Naples, Italy.; AA Afolabi, Technical Services Directorate, MSI Nigeria Reproductive Choices, Abuja, Nigeria.; MS Afzal, Department of Life Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.; S Afzal, Department of Community Medicine, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Public Health, Public Health Institute, Lahore, Pakistan.; GB Agafari, Department of Public Health, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia.; S Aghajanian, Department of Neurosurgery, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; W Agyemang-Duah, Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.; BO Ahinkorah, School of Public Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; A Ahmad, College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia.; D Ahmad, School of Medicine and Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, NSW, Australia.; F Ahmad, Biological Production Unit National Institute of Health Islamabad Pakistan, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan; World Health Organization, World Health Organisation, Islamabad, Pakistan.; K Ahmad, Department of Health Informatics, Qassim University, Buraidha, Saudi Arabia.; MM Ahmad, School of Nursing, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.; S Ahmad, Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan; Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.; S Ahmad, Department of General Surgery, School of Surgery Wales, Bangor, UK.; T Ahmad, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Community Health Sciences, Sohail University, Karachi, Pakistan.; A Ahmadi, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; Department of Epidemiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; NS Ahmadi, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; S Ahmadi, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; AM Ahmadzade, Department of Neuroscience, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.; A Ahmed, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan; Pan-African One Health Institute (PAOHI), Kigali, Rwanda.; GS Ahmed, Medical Laboratory Science Department, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.; H Ahmed, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.; MS Ahmed, College of Nursing, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia.; MS Ahmed, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq.; MB Ahmed, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.; M Ahmed, Department of Medicine, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.; N Ahmed, Department of Assistance Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.; N Ahmed, School of Nursing, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.; S Ahmed, Department of Medicine, Fatima Memorial Hospital College of Medicine and Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan.; SA Ahmed, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.; O Akeju, Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; RE Akhigbe, Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.; MN Akhtar, University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.; MA Akkaif, Department of Cardiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.; H Akram, Department of Infection Prevention & Control, Baylor Scott & White Health, Frisco, Texas (TX), USA; VentrureBlick.; S Al Awaidy, Department of Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman; Middle East, Eurasia, and Africa Influenza Stakeholders Network, Muscat, Oman.; SM Al Hasan, Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.; Y Al Thaher, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan; School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.; OAM Al Zaabi, Department of Adult Health and Critical Care, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.; MAM Al Zoubi, School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.; MM Alajlani, Faculty of Pharmacy, Arab International University, Damascus, Syria.; Z Al-Aly, Department of Research and Development, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Clinical Epidemiology Center, US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), St. Louis, MO, USA.; MK Alam, Preventive Dentistry Department, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.; Z Alam, School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.; FM Alanezi, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.; TM Alanzi, Department of Health Information Management and Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.; JO Alao, School of Public Health and Interdisciplinary studies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.; CAA Alarcon-Ruiz, Unidad de Investigación Para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru.; FY Al-Ashwal, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Al-Ayen Iraqi University, Thi-Qar, Iraq; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, University of Science and Technology, Sana'a, USA.; SMA Alavi, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.; M Albashtawy, Department of Community and Mental Health, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan.; N Al-Dewik, Translational and Precision Medicine Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.; WA Aldhaleei, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.; SM Aleidi, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.; F Alemnew, Department of Midwifery, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.; A Al-Eyadhy, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; AM Alfalki, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.; FD Algahtani, Department of Public Health, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.; AM Algammal, Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.; NB Alhaji, Africa Center of Excellence for Mycotoxin and Food Safety, Minna, Nigeria.; A Alhumaidi, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Faculty of Dentistry, Ibn Al-Nafis University for Medical Sciences, Sana'a, USA.; FA Alhumaydhi, Department of Medical Laboratories, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.; BA Ali, Erbil Technical Health College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq; School of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq.; HM Ali, Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan.; K Ali, College of Dental Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.; L Ali, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan.; MD Ali, Department of Pharmacy, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.; MU Ali, Department of Medical Rehabilitation (Physiotherapy), University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria; Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.; SS Ali, Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan.; M Al-Iede, The School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.; SM Alif, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.; M Alimohammadi, Department of Immunology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; H Alinejad Rokny, The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; M Alipour, Biomedical Physics Group, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.; SW Al-Jabi, Department of Clinical and Community Pharmacy, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.; SF Aljasir, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.; MS Aljohani, Family and Community Medicine Department, Qassim University, Al Qassim, Saudi Arabia.; SM Aljunid, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, National University of Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia.; MH Alkhatib, Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry (DBSC), University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.; KS Allemailem, Department of Medical Laboratories, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.; MZ Allouh, Department of Anatomy, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.; WT Almagharbeh, Faculty of Nursing, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.; S Al-Marwani, Independent Consultant, Amman, Jordan.; JU Almazan, Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.; HM Al-Mekhlafi, Department of Parasitology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Parasitology, Sana'a University, Sana'a, USA.; A Almobayed, Ophthalmology Department, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.; KA Alnawafleh, Nursing Faculty, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.; HY Alniss, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.; MR Alosta, Faculty of Nursing, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan.; AR Al-Qudimat, Surgical Research Section, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.; RH Al-Rifai, Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Research Advancement Unit (IDERA), United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.; I Alrimawi, Department of Nursing, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.; SM Alrousan, Macro-Fiscal Policy Department, Ministry of Finance, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.; MA Alsabri, Department of Emergency Medicine, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen; Pediatric Emergency Medicine Department, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; NZ Alshahrani, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.; AF Alsharari, College of Nursing, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.; Z Altaany, Health Science Division, Higher College of Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Higher Collage of Technology, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.; A Altaf, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; Faculty of Health Sciences, Equator University of Science and Technology, Uganda, Masaka, Uganda.; JA Al-Tawfiq, Department of Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.; KA Altirkawi, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.; N Alvis-Guzman, Research Group in Health Economics, Universidad de Cartagena (University of Cartagena), Cartagena, Colombia; Research Group in Hospital Management and Health Policies, Universidad de la Costa (University of the Coast), Barranquilla, Colombia.; M Al-Wardat, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.; YM Al-Worafi, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; College of Medical Sciences, Azal University for Human Development, Sana'a, USA.; H Aly, Department of Pediatrics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.; MSI Alyahya, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.; AS Al-Zubairi, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen; Laboratory Medicine Department, Al-Baha University, Al-Aqiq, Saudi Arabia.; EJ Amafah, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, UK.; M Aman Mohammadi, Food and Beverages Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.; A Amin, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; BSCD since 2020, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.; S Amini, Department of Health and Management Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran.; K Aminu, Department of Sociology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.; M Aminzare, Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.; S Amiri, Spiritual Health Research Centre, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; A Amobonye, Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania.; GA Amusa, Department of Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria; Department of Internal Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria.; F Anagnostakis, Center for Biomedical Image Computing & Analytics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.; EW Anbesu, Department of Public Health, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia.; R Ancuceanu, Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.; D Anderlini, Centre for Sensorimotor Performance, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Neurology Department, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.; A Anil, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.; DP Anjana, Ashok & Rita Patel Institute of Physiotherapy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, petlad, India.; BS Anuoluwa, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo, Nigeria.; IA Anuoluwa, Department of Microbiology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo, Nigeria.; S Anvari, Regenerative Medicine, Organ Procurement and Transplantation Multi-disciplinary Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.; S Anwar, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India; School of Chemical and Life Sciences (SCLS), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.; R Anwer, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; AE Anyasodor, Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia.; GLC Apostol, School of Medicine and Public Health, Ateneo De Manila University, Pasig City, Philippines; Inter-Agency Committee on Environmental Health, Department of Health Philippines, Manila, Philippines.; W Appati, Internal Medicine Directorate, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana.; J Arabloo, Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; AY Aravkin, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; A Aremu, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.; J Arockiaraj, Department of Biotechnology, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India.; M Arooj, University College of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.; AA Artamonov, Institute for Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.; N Aryntayeva, Department of Public Health, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Department of Clinical Disciplines, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.; M Asadi Anar, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.; SMB Asdaq, Department of Pharmacy Practice, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; MT Asebot, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.; SM Asefa, School of Veterinary Medicine, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.; SA Ashraf, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.; T Ashraf, Pioneer Journal of Biostatistics and Medical Research (PJBMR), Lahore, Pakistan.; M Ashrafi, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.; B Aslam, Department of Pediatrics, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan.; MS Aslam, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia.; Z Asmare, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Woldia, Ethiopia.; B Assembekov, Atchabarov Scientific-Research Institute of Fundamental and Applied Medicine, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.; O Atac, Institute of Population and Social Research, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkiye.; SS Athari, Department of Immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.; MMW Atout, Faculty of Nursing, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan.; A Atreya, Department of Forensic Medicine, Lumbini Medical College, Palpa, Nepal.; JA Atta, Management Policy and Community Health Department, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.; ZA Atwan, College of Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.; M Augello, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy.; A Aujayeb, Northumbria HealthCare NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.; K Aurangzeb, Department of Computer Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; SJ Awan, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, lahore, Pakistan.; AA Awoke, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.; YO Ayipo, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, Kwara State University, Malete, Ilorin, Nigeria; Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pinang, Malaysia.; A Azad, Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; A Azadnia, Research and Technology Deputy, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.; A Azargoonjahromi, Department of Nursing, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.; SA Aziz, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq; Cihan University-Sulaimaniya, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.; A Azizan, Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; GR Babu, Department of Population Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.; M Badar, Directorate of Quality Assurance, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan.; AA Badran, Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Microbiology Department, Horus University Egypt, Damietta, Egypt.; KK Baghlaf, Pediatric Dentistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.; R Bahreini, College of Optometry, Pacific University, Forest Grove, OR, USA.; AA Baig, International Medical School, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Malaysia.; MA Bakhshali, Department of Medical Informatics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.; S Balakrishnan, Division of Biological Sciences, Tamil Nadu State Council for Science and Technology, Chennai, India.; M Balooch Hasankhani, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Occupational Environment Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.; A Barac, Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.; S Barati, Department of Anatomy, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran.; M Bardhan, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.; SL Barker-Collo, School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.; HJ Barqawi, Clinical Sciences Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.; A Barrow, Department of Public and Environmental Health, University of The Gambia, Banjul, The Gambia; Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.; MI Bashir, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia, Terengganu, Malaysia.; A Bashiri, Health Information Management, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.; R Basri, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.; Q Bassat, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, ISGlobal Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.; MM Bastan, Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; S Batchu, Cooper University Hospital, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ, USA.; PP Bathini, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Hyderabad, India.; AM Batiha, Faculty of Nursing, King Khalid University, Mahyil Asir, Saudi Arabia.; R Batra, School of Public Health, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA; IT Department, Coforge, Georgia, GA, USA.; M Bayat, Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Pastor Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; AS Bazaid, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.; N Bedi, School of Public Health, Dr. D. Y. Patil University, Mumbai, India; Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.; NM Beeraka, Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.; J Behjati, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; P Behzadi, Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Qods, Iran.; AG Belayneh, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.; M Belayneh, Department of Public Health, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Department of Public Health, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa.; S Bele, Community Medicine, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Madurai, India.; MB Bello, Infectious Disease Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.; OO Bello, Department of Microbiology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo, Nigeria.; A Beloukas, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece.; SN Bente Kamal Tune, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.; AA Berihun, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.; ANC Bermudez, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines.; PJG Bettencourt, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa (Catholic University of Portugal), Sintra, Portugal; Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Universidade Católica Portuguesa (Catholic University of Portugal), Lisbon, Portugal.; A Bhargava, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Gross Pointe Woods, MI, USA.; S Bhaskar, Global Health Neurology Lab, NSW Brain Clot Bank, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Division of Cerebrovascular Medicine and Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan.; A Bhatnagar, Family Medicine Department, Texas Tech University, El Paso, TX, USA.; P Bhattacharjee, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.; S Bhattacharjee, School of Sport & Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK; Department of Public Health Research, Bengal Rural Welfare Service (BRWS), Kolkata, India.; AH Bhattarai, Innovation UBC, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.; GK Bhatti, Department of Medical Lab Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.; MS Bhatti, Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.; EM Birru, Strep A & ARF Therapeutics Team, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.; T Bodhare, Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ramanathapuram, India.; A Boloor, Department of Internal Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India.; P Bolourinejad, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.; M Borran, Department of Internal Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.; SA Bosoka, Disease Surveillance Department, Ghana Health Service, Ho, Ghana; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.; A Botero Carvajal, Facultad de Salud (Faculty of Health), Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali, Colombia.; S Bouaoud, Department of Medicine, University Ferhat Abbas of Setif, Setif, Algeria; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Saadna Abdenour, Setif, Algeria.; M Boukhiam, Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Health Science, Casablanca, Morocco.; NI Briko, Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.; CS Brown, HCAI, Fungal, AMR, AMU, & Sepsis Division, United Kingdom Health Security Agency, London, UK; Department of Infection, Imperial College London, London, UK.; LP Bui, College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Research Advancement Consortium in Health, Hanoi, USA.; F Busch, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.; Y Bustanji, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.; LA Cámera, Department of Internal and Geriatric Medicine, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires (Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Board of Directors, Argentine Society of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina.; A Capodici, Interdisciplinary Research Center for Health Science, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy.; A Carugno, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.; CG Carvalheiro, Department of Pediatrics, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Hospital of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.; F Carvalho, Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; F Catalá-López, Institute of Public Goods and Policies (IPP), Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.; L Cegolon, Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Public Health Unit, University Health Agency Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), Trieste, Italy.; M Cenderadewi, College of Public Health, Medical, and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia; Department of Public Health, University of Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia.; A Cernigliaro, Integrated Operative Unit of Clinical Pathology, Sant'Antonio Abate Hospital, Erice, Italy; Health Services and Epidemiological Observatory Department, Regional Health Authority, Sicilian Region, Palermo, Italy.; J Chadwick, Non-communicable Diseases Division, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India.; C Chakraborty, Department of Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, India; Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea.; S Chakraborty, State Disease Investigation Laboratory, Animal Resources Development Department, Agartala, India.; VK Chattu, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Semey Medical University (SMU), Semey, Kazakhstan; Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi, India.; LD Chau, Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston), Houston, TX, USA.; AA Chaudhary, Department of Biology, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; S Chaudhuri, Department of Public Health, Indian Institute of Public Health, Hyderabad, India.; PA Chaurasia, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India.; H Chen, Faculty of Humanities and Health Sciences, Curtin University, Miri, Malaysia.; H Chen, Clinical Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.; H Chen, Science and Technology Department, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China.; NW Chew, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.; PR Ching, Division of Infectious Diseases, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.; WCS Cho, Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China.; B Chong, Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.; H Chopra, Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura, India.; DT Chu, The Interdisciplinary Research Group on Biomedicine and Health, VNU International School (VNUIS), Hanoi, Viet Nam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, VNU International School (VNUIS), Hanoi, USA.; TW Chuang, Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.; CW Chukwu, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA.; E Chung, Department of Urology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Department of AndroUrology, AndroUrology Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.; S Chung, Department of Health Behavior, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.; C Cosma, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.; N Cruz-Martins, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; O Dadras, Department of Health, Northern Territory Government, Darwin, SA, Australia.; EM Dagnew, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.; MT Dagnew, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.; X Dai, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; E D'Amico, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.; YT Damtew, The University of Adelaide, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.; AK Dang, Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Viet Nam.; RA Daniel, Department of Community Medicine, Employees' State Insurance Model Hospital, Chennai, India.; L D'Anna, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.; P Danpanichkul, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.; SE Danso, Ga East Municipal Hospital, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana.; SD Darcho, Department of Public Health, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.; LA Dardas, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.; AM Darwesh, Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura, India; Jadara Research Center, Jadara University, Irbid, Jordan.; S Das, Department of Biochemistry, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Delhi, India.; D Davletov, Atchabarov Scientific-Research Institute of Fundamental and Applied Medicine, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.; S Deekonda, Department of Pediatrics, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.; M Del Riccio, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Infectieziekten in de Eerste Lijn Programme, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, Netherlands.; I Delgado-Enciso, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico; Department of Research, State Cancerology Institute of Colima, IMSS‑BIENESTAR, Colima, Mexico.; D Demeke, Department of Physiology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.; AK Demetriades, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Neurosurgery, National Health Service (NHS) Scotland, Edinburgh, UK.; TN Derese, Research and Training Directorate, Eka Kotebe General Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; E Dervišević, Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.; M Dervišević, Clinic of Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.; G Desalegn, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.; M Desalegn, Department of Anesthesia, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia.; VGC Devanbu, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai, India.; PK Devarakonda, Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.; D Devegowda, JSS Medical College, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara Academy of Health Education and Research, Mysuru, India.; SMR Dewan, Department of Pharmacy, United International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Pharmacology Division, Center for Life Sciences Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.; A Dhali, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.; AS Dhane, Research and Development Cell, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune (Deemed to be University), Pune, India.; ML Dhimal, Research Department, Planetary Health Research Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal; Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.; M Dhimal, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Research Department, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal.; S Dhingra, Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Hajipur, Hajipur, India.; S Di Bella, Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.; G Di Martino, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Unit of Public Health, Local Health Autority of Pescara, Pescara, Italy.; A Di Paolo, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.; M Di Pumpo, Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (Catholic University of the Sacred Heart), Rome, Italy.; D Dias da Silva, Escola Superior de Saúde (Higher School of Health), Instituto Politécnico do Porto (Polytechnic Institute of Porto), Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; HT Do, Institute of Health Economics and Technology, Institute of Health Economics and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam.; HP Do, College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Institute of Health Economics and Technology (iHEAT), Hanoi, USA.; MN Do, International Institute for Training and Research (INSTAR), University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University (UMP-VNU), Hanoi, Viet Nam.; THP Do, Department of Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Viet Nam.; S Dohare, Department of Public Health, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.; KG Dokova, Department of Social Medicine and Health Care Organisation, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria.; C Dolecek, Oxford Centre for Global Health Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.; F Dorostkar, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; WM Dos Santos, Departamento de Responsabilidade Social (Department of Social Responsibility), Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz (Oswaldo Cruz German Hospital), São Paulo, Brazil; Brazilian Centre for Evidence-based Healthcare, Joanna Briggs Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.; OP Doshi, Independent Consultant, Bridgewater, NJ, USA.; RK Dowou, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.; AC Dsouza, Department of Medicine, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, India.; E Dubljanin, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.; J Dunne, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.; S Duraisamy, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India.; OC Durojaiye, Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.; S Dutta, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, India.; O Ebohon, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Michael and Cecilia Ibru University, Delta State, Nigeria.; T Eckmanns, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.; A Ed-Dra, Higher School of Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco.; C Edeh, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.; F Efendi, Advanced Nursing Department, Universitas Airlangga (Airlangga University), Surabaya, Indonesia; La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.; N Ekapirat, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; M Ekholuenetale, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Hampshire, UK.; SM Eko, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.; TC Ekundayo, Department of Microbiology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo, Nigeria.; RA El Arab, Almoosa College of Health Sciences, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.; IF El Bayoumy, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta City, Egypt; School of Public Health, Texila American University, Guyana, Guyana.; M El Sayed Zaki, Clinical Pathology Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.; A Eldaboush, Perelman's School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; M Elhadi, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea; Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.; YAM Elhadi, Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Department of Healthcare Policy and Financing, Global Health Focus, Khartoum, Sudan.; M Elhoumed, National Institute of Public Health Research, Ministry of Health, Nouakchott, Mauritania.; C Elias, Service Hygiène et Epidémiologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.; OAA Elmeligy, Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.; MH Elnaem, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK.; M Elshaer, Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.; I Elsohaby, Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Animal Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.; C Eltaha, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA.; AS Eltahawy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhur, Egypt.; CI Esezobor, Department of Paediatrics, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Paediatrics, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria.; M Eslami, Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Scinces, Semnan, Iran.; H Fadavian, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.; AF Fagbamigbe, Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Research Centre for Healthcare and Community, Coventry University, Coventry, UK.; Q Fan, Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.; N Faraji, Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.; M Fareed, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; J Fares, Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.; A Farhana, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.; FO Fasina, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Animal Production and Health Division (EMPRES), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.; MM Fasina, Charité University Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Charité University Medical Center Berlin), Berlin, Germany.; Z Fatima, University Institute of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.; NA Feasey, Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK; Bacteria and Drug Resistant Infections Group, Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Programme, Blantyre, Malawi.; G Fekadu, School of Nursing, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia; School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, QLD, Australia.; G Fekadu, Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Pharmacy, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia.; P Ferrara, Center for Public Health Research, University of Milano - Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Laboratory of Public Health, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.; N Ferreira, Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus.; G Fetensa, Department of Nursing, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia.; C Fiorilla, Department of Public Health, University of Naples 'Federico II' Naples, Italy.; F Fischer, Institute of Public Health, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Charité University Medical Center Berlin), Berlin, Germany.; M Fonzo, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.; C Fortuna Rodrigues, Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; M Foschi, Department of Neuroscience, Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.; S G, Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, India.; PA Gaal, Health Services Management Training Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Applied Social Sciences, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Târgu-Mureş, Romania.; MA Gadanya, Department of Community Medicine, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria; Department of Community Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.; M Gajdács, Department of Public Health, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.; D Ganapathy, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.; S Gangachannaiah, Department of Pharmacology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.; X Gao, Department of Biostatistics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Key Lab of Environment and Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.; B Garba, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria; Department of Public Health, SIMAD University Mogadishu. Somalia, Mogadishu, Somalia.; D Garcia-Azorin, Department of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain.; J Garlasco, Infectious Diseases Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.; RK Gautam, Centre for Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Noida, India.; F Gazzelloni, Independent Consultant, Rome, Italy.; FS Gebre, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; NS George, Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.; BD Gessner, Pfizer Vaccines, Collegeville, PA, USA; Agency of Preventive Medicine, Paris, France.; GK Getahun, Department of Public Health, Menelik II Medical and Health Science College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; KY Gete, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.; K Ghadiri, Infectious Disease Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Pediatric Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.; K Ghaffari, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran.; A Ghamkhar, Research Committee of Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.; L Gharaibeh, Faculty of Pharmacy, Amman Arab University, Amman, Jordan.; M Ghasemi, Neurology Department of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; RM Ghazy, Tropical Health Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Family and Community Medicine Department, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.; A Ghodrati, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Peoria, GA, USA.; N Gholizadeh, Department of Dermatology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.; JA Gilani, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.; SA Gilani, Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry (DBSC), University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.; BR Giri, Department of Zoology, KKS Women's College, Balasore, India.; A Girombelli, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Ospedale SS Annunziata Savigliano, Savigliano, Italy.; L Göbölös, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.; K Gohari, Department of Biostatistics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Quantitative Department, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center (NCDRC), Tehran, Iran.; M Golechha, Department of Health Systems and Policy Research, Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India.; P Goleij, Department of Genetics, Sana Institute of Higher Education, Sari, Iran; Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.; YA Goshu, Midwifery Department, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.; G Guarducci, Medical Directorate, Local Health Authority of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.; MIM Gubari, Department of Clinical Science, University Of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq.; KA Gulma, School of Global Health and Bioethics, Euclid University, Banjul, The Gambia.; DA Gunawardane, Department of Community Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka.; Z Guo, Divison of Epidemology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.; AK Gupta, Department of Nephrology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India; Centre for Toxicovigilance & Drug Safety, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.; L Gupta, Department of Anaesthesia, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.; S Gupta, Department of Toxicology, Shriram Institute for Industrial Research, Delhi, India.; S Gupta, Department of Microbiology, Rama Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kanpur, India.; VK Gupta, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; RS Gutiérrez-Murillo, Doctoral Program in Biomedical Gerontology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.; J Guzman-Esquivel, Research Unit in Epidemiology Clinic, Mexican Institute of Social Segurity, Colima, Mexico.; A Habibzadeh, Neurosurgery Department, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.; AD Habteyohannes, Department of Medical Microbiology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.; M Hadei, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Climate Change and Health Research Center (CCHRC), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; NR Hadi, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq.; Z Hadian, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Z Hagos Gebrehiwot, School of Global Health and Bioethics, Euclid University, Bangui, Central African Republic.; N Hai Nam, Department of Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery, Thong Nhat Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.; A Haile, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.; KT Hailu, School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.; AM Halboup, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, University of Science and Technology, Sana'a, Yemen; Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, Science University of Malaysia, George Town, Malaysia.; P Halder, Department of Community Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India; Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.; HM Halil, Health Sciences Department of Midwifery, Werabe University, Werabe, Ethiopia; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Werabe University, Werabe, Ethiopia.; IM Hamad, Department of Pharmacy, American University of Madaba, Amman, Jordan.; NM Hamdy, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.; M Hamed, Oral & Maxillofacial Rehabilitation Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.; S Hameed, Department of Public Health, Green International University, Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.; A Hanif, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkiye.; GJ Hankey, Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders (Perron Institute), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Stroke Research Centre, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia.; ZB Harboe, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Copenhagen University Hospital, North Zealand, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød, Denmark.; JM Haro, Research Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Mental Health, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM), Madrid, Spain.; S Harsini, Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.; EMM Has, Department of Advanced Nursing, Universitas Airlangga (Airlangga University), Surabaya, Indonesia; School of Nursing and Midwivery, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.; AI Hasaballah, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.; I Hasan, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.; MK Hasan, Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tejgaon College, Dhaka, Bangladesh.; H Hasani, Department of Ophthalmology, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.; MH Hashempur, Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.; MS Hasnain, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Adamas University, Kolkata, India.; A Hassan, Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.; IN Hassan, Department of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.; N Hassan, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.; K Hayat, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, China.; J He, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; B Heibati, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.; M Heidari, Community-Oriented Nursing Midwifery Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.; YA Helmy, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.; A Hendy, College of Nursing, Qassim University, El-Molida, Saudi Arabia.; C Herteliu, Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania; Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.; M Hesari, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobi Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.; RS Heyderman, Division of Infection & Immunity, University College London, London, UK; Infection & Immunity Group, Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Programme, Blantyre, Malawi.; K Hezam, Department of Microbiology, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen; School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.; Y Hiraike, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.; R Holla, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.; JGG Holler, Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød, Denmark.; MS Hossain, Department of Statistics, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh.; M Hosseinzadeh, School of Engineering and Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; Department of AI, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India.; M Hostiuc, Department of Internal Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.; S Hostiuc, Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Clinical Legal Medicine, National Institute of Legal Medicine Mina Minovici, Bucharest, Romania.; J Huang, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.; K Hushmandi, Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; J Hussain, Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry (DBSC), University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.; D Hussein, Clinical Governance and Quality Improvement Head, Salale University, Gerba Guracha, Ethiopia.; NR Hussein, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Zakho, Zakho, Iraq.; MI Husseiny, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA.; HH Huynh, International Master Program for Translational Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.; SE Ibitoye, Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.; L Ibragimova, Science and Technology Park, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.; KS Ibrahim, Department of Biology, University of Zakho, Zakho, Iraq.; UI Ibrahim, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sultan Zainal Abidin University, Malaysia, Terengganu, Malaysia.; A Ibrayeva, Science and Technology Park, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.; A Ikiroma, Collaborative Alliance Research and Education (CARE) Programme, Episcope Research Service, Aberdeen, Scotland.; KS Ikuta, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; OS Ilesanmi, West Africa RCC, Africa Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria; Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.; IM Ilic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.; MD Ilic, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.; MH Ilyas, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; S Ilyasu, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.; MT Imam, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia.; A Inok, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.; LM Irham, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.; MA Isa, Department of Microbiology, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria; Department of Biotechnology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India.; AA Ishaqui, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.; MR Islam, School of Pharmacy, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.; MS Islam, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Eastern University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Journal of Biosciences and Public Health (JBPH), International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh.; SS Ismael, University of Duhok, University of Dhaka, Duhok, Iraq.; F Ismail, Clinical Laboratory Department, Tobruk University, Tobruk, Libya; Department of Blood Transmitted Diseases, National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), Tobruk, Libya.; NE Ismail, Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacy Practice, Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology, Bedong, Malaysia; Malaysian Academy of Pharmacy, Puchong, Malaysia.; Y Ismoldayev, Department of Urology, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.; CD Iwu, School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; A Jadidi, Department of Nursing, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.; M Jafari, School of Medicine, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia.; V Jaganathan, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Udupi, India.; H Jahrami, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain; Government Hospitals, Manama, Bahrain.; AA Jairoun, Department of Health and Safety, Dubai Municipality, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.; S Jaiswal, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.; M Jakovljevic, UNESCO-TWAS Section of Economic & Social Sciences, Humanities & Arts, The World Academy of Sciences UNESCO-TWAS, Trieste, Italy; Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China.; MS Jalal, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.; M Jalloh, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; A Jamal, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.; QMS Jamal, Department of Health Informatics, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.; J James, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India.; RDG Jamora, Department of Neurosciences, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines; Institute for Neurosciences, St. Luke's Medical Center, Bonifacio Global City, Philippines.; E Jarrahi, Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Royan Institute, Tehran, Iran.; J Javidnia, Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Medical Mycology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.; T Jawaid, Department of Pharmacology, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; Q Jawell Odah Abed, Department of Nursing, Middle Technical University of Kut Technical Institute, Baghdad, Iraq.; DP Jayapala, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka.; RD Jayasinghe, Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka; Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.; YA Jayasinghe, Centre for Evidence Synthesis and Implementation Research, Cephas Health Research Initiative, Inc, Ibadan, Nigeria; Jindal School of Public Health and Human Development, O. P. Jindal Global University, Sonipat, Haryana, India, University of Peradeniya, Sonipat, India.; JJ Jeon, Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea; Institute of Evidence Based Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea.; GH Jeong, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.; S Jeong, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.; M Jiang, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.; W Jin, Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.; M Jokar, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Young Researchers and Elite Club, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.; N Jomehzadeh, Department of Microbiology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Microbiology, Abadan School of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran.; JB Jonas, Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Institut Français de Myopie, Paris, France; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.; T Joo, Hungarian Health Management Association, Budapest, Hungary; Health Services Management Training Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.; J Jose, Department of Community Medicine, Jubilee Mission Medical College & Research Institute, Thrissur, India.; AP Joseph, School of Engineering and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Canberra, NSW, Australia.; MA Joseph, Fundamentals and Administration, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.; N Joseph, Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India.; K Joshi, Institute of National Importance, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, India.; CE Joshua, Department of Economics, National Open University, Benin City, Nigeria.; JJ Jozwiak, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Opole, Opole, Poland.; B Kaambwa, Health Economics Unit, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.; V Kadashetti, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Karad, India.; DHH Kadir, Department of Statistics, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq; Department of Business Administrations, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq.; MF Kadir, Department of Pharmacology, Campbell University, Lillington, NC, USA.; AK Kakkar, Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.; R Kalani, Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; K Kalavani, Department of Health, Khoy Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran.; M Kamal, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia.; RT Kamorudeen, Department of Public Health, South Wales University, Treforest, UK; Osun State Hospital Management Board.; J Kang, School of Health and Environmental Science, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; SB Kankam, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.; KK Kanmodi, Office of the Executive Director, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Nigeria; College of Health Sciences, Caleb Univeristy, Imota, Nigeria.; S Kannan S, Department of Community Medicine, ESIC Medical College and Hospital Chennai, Chennai, India.; D Kar, IMS & SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India.; M Karajizadeh, Trauma Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.; P Karakasis, 2nd Department of Cardiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.; J Karami, Laboratory Science Department, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran; Department of Immunology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; S Karampoor, Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; A Karch, Institute for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.; A Karimi Behnagh, Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Artificial Intelligence in Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; MI Karobari, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.; TMM Karpiński, Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.; FZ Kashoo, Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia.; MK Kashyap, Amity Stem Cell Institute (ASCI), Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, India.; MA Kausar, Department of Biochemistry, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.; F Kazemi, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.; AZ Kebede, Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.; HK Kebede, School of Pharmacy, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.; YT Kebede, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale New Haven Health, Bridgeport, CT, USA.; MH Keivanlou, Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.; JH Kempen, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA; Eye Unit, MyungSung Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; A Keshwani, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.; YS Khader, Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.; H Khajuria, Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences, Amity University, Noida, India.; HO Khalifa, Department of Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.; AA Khalil, University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.; F Khamesipour, Food and Drug Research Center, Iran Food and Drug Administration, Tehran, Iran.; A Khan, Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.; FU Khan, Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, Peking University, Beijing, China.; IW Khan, Internal Medicine Department, Reading Hospital Tower Health, Reading, PA, USA.; IH Khan, University Institute of Public Health, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.; M Khan, Epidemiology Program, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.; MI Khan, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.; MU Khan, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.; RM Khan, Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan.; S Khan, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.; U Khan, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.; YS Khan, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.; Z Khan, Department of Cardiology, University of South Wales, Treforest, UK; Department of Cardiology, University of Buckingham, Buckingham, UK.; V Khanal, Department of Health, Nepal Development Society, Chitwan, Nepal; Department of Preventable Non Communicable Disease, Menzies School of Health Research, Alice Springs, NT, Australia.; SU Khasbage, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India.; H Khatatbeh, Faculty of Nursing, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.; MM Khatatbeh, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.; HR Khayat Kashani, Department of Neurosurgery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; KA Kheirallah, Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.; D Kheradmand, Department of Neurosurgery, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.; P Khoshvaght, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura, India.; S Khoshvaght, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura, India.; F Khosravi, Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Cardiothoracic Imaging Section, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; S Khosravi, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK; Department of Clinical Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA.; J Khubchandani, Department of Public Health, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA.; G Kim, Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, UH Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA.; HJ Kim, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.; MS Kim, Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; YJ Kim, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.; RW Kimokoti, Health and Healing Research, Education, and Service, Inc., Boston, MA, USA; Millennium Prevention, Inc., Westwood, MA, USA.; A Kisa, School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway; Department of International Health and Sustainable Development, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.; S Kisa, Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.; L Kishore, School of Pharmacy and Emerging Sciences, Baddi University of Emerging Sciences & Technology, Himachal Pradesh, India.; TA Kitaw, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.; S Km, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Karad, India.; AA Kolahi, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; DG Kolieghu Tcheumeni, Mycobacteriology Unit, Center for Health Promotion and Research, Bamenda, Cameroon.; F Kompani, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; WE Korma, College of Medicine and Health Science, Werabe University, Werabe, Ethiopia.; VA Korshunov, Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.; O Korzh, Department of General Practice and Family Medicine, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine.; JP Kretchy, Department of Public Health, Central University, Accra, Ghana; Central University, Accra, Ghana.; K Krishan, Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.; M Kuddus, Department of Biochemistry, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.; I Kuitunen, Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.; M Kulimbet, Department of Research Management, Research Institute of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Almaty, Kazakhstan.; S Kulshreshtha, Amity Centre for Water Studies and Research, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India; Amity Centre for Water Studies and Research, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Jaipur, India.; E Kumah, Department of Health Administration and Education, University of Education, Winneba, Winneba, Ghana.; C Kumar, Amity Institute of Health Allied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, India.; D Kumar, Department of Community Medicine, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, India.; J Kumar, Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.; K Kumar, Department of Mathematics, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, India.; N Kumar, Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan.; SK Kumar, Gastroenterology Department, Ahalia Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; College of Allied Health Sciences, Bahria University Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan.; T Kumar, Department of Anaesthesiology, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, India.; V Kumar, Department of Economics, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India.; V Kumar, Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Creighton University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.; S Kundu, Public Health Department, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.; J Kunjavara, Nursing & Midwifery Research Department (NMRD), Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.; OP Kurmi, Lincoln Institute of Rural and Coastal Health, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.; PK Kushawaha, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.; D Kusuma, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Public Health, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.; A Kuttybayev, Department of Public Health, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.; V Kytö, Clinical Research Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Heart Center, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.; A La Vecchia, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano, Milan, Italy; Pediatric Emergency Department, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.; C Lahariya, Division of Evidence Synthesis, Foundation for People-centric Health Systems, New Delhi, India; Division of Lifestyle Medicine, Centre for Health: The Specialty Practice, New Delhi, India.; B Lakanova, Department of Research Management, Research Institute of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Almaty, Kazakhstan.; T Laksono, Department of Physiotherapy, Universitas Aisyiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.; F Lanfranchi, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.; CL Lau, Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.; T Lawanson, Centre for Clinical Trials, Research, and Implementation Science (CCTRIS), Lagos, Nigeria.; ER Lazarus, College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.; DH Le, Department of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.; HTT Le, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.; MHN Le, International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.; NHH Le, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Department of Cardiovascular Research, Methodist Hospital, Merrillville, IN, USA.; TTT Le, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.; C Ledda, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.; SV Lee, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.; SW Lee, Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, South Korea.; WC Lee, Department of Family Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.; V Leivaditis, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Westpfalz Klinikum, Kaiserslautern, Germany; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.; DA Lemma, Department of Pharmacy, Wachemo University, Hosanna, Ethiopia.; X Li, Department of Health Management Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.; J Lin, International Centre for Future Health Systems, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; G Liu, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; H Liu, National Medical Research Association, Leicester, UK; Cardiovascular Pharmacology Unit, Cardiovascular Analytics Group, Hong Kong, China.; J Liu, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University, Beijing, China.; X Liu, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Quantitative Health Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.; Z Liu, College of Mathematics and Computer, Xinyu University, Xinyu, China.; E Llanaj, Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Potsdam, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.; MS Lodhi, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.; MJ Loftus, Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.; PD Lopukhov, Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.; E Lovering, MedStar Health Georgetown University Department of Medicine, MedStar Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.; J Lubinda, Geospatial Health and Development Team-Child Health Analytics, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia; Scientific Research and Surveillance Systems, Macha Research Trust, Choma, USA.; G Lucchetti, School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.; P Luo, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.; AM Lutambi, Dodoma Medical Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research in Tanzania, Dodoma, Tanzania.; R Lutzky Saute, Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.; E Lytvyak, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.; HI M Amin, Department of Chemistry, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq; Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq.; A M Hussein, Faculty of Health and Science, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq.; KS Ma, Center for Global Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; ZF Ma, Centre for Public Health and Wellbeing, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK.; M Mabrok, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, King Salman International University, South of Sinai, Egypt.; AM Madureira-Carvalho, Associate Laboratory i4HB, University Institute of Health Sciences - CESPU, Gandra, Portugal; UCIBIO Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, University Institute of Health Sciences, Gandra, Portugal.; EA Magwe, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ruaha Catholic University (RUCU), Iringa, Tanzania.; S Mahalingam, Department of Emergency Medicine, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Science, Puducherry, Pondicherry, India.; M Mahalleh, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; NH Mahmood, Research Center, Cihan University-Sulaimaniya, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.; M Majidnia, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.; HS Malhotra, Department of Neurology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India.; AA Malik, Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.; F Malik, University Institute of Public Health, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.; S Malik, Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, India.; T Malik, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India.; B Malkamu, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.; A Manilal, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.; F Mansoor, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.; S Manzoor, Research Institute for Medical and Health Science, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.; T Maqbool, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.; BP Marasini, Department of Biotechnology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal; Research Department, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal.; HR Marateb, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran; Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (IRIS), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (Barcelona Tech - UPC), Barcelona, Spain.; K Margetis, Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.; M Marks-Hultström, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.; BA Martinez-Guerra, Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (Salvador Zubiran National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition), Mexico City, Mexico.; FR Martins-Melo, Campus Fortaleza, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.; M Martorell, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile.; RR Marzo, Faculty of Humanities and Health Sciences, Curtin University, Sarawak, Malaysia; Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.; S Marzouk, Medical Scientist Training Program, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.; H Masoumi-Asl, Department of Pediatrics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Y Mathangasinghe, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Anatomy, Genetics and Biomedical Informatics, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.; N Mathur, Department of Community Medicine, Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Hyderabad, India.; FP Matozinhos, Department of Maternal-Child Nursing and Public Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.; RJ Maude, Department of Epidemiology, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; S Mayaki, International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, England.; SM McPhail, Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia; Digital Health and Informatics Directorate, Queensland Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.; RP Mediratta, Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.; M Mehari, Department of Public Health, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia.; A Mehmood, Department of Public Health, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.; S Mehto, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, India.; T Mekene Meto, Department of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.; HN Meles, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia.; A Melese, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.; ZA Memish, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Research & Innovation Center, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; W Mendoza, Dirección General de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (DGIDI), Universidad Científica del Sur (University of the South), Lima, Peru.; GA Menezes, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Trinity Medical Sciences University, St. Vincent, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India.; EA Mengistie, Department of Adult Health Nursing, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.; LA Mengstie, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia.; M Mercogliano, Department of Public Health, University 'Federico II' of Naples, Naples, Italy.; A Meretoja, General Administration Department, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.; MA Merza, College of Pharmacy, Nawroz University, Duhok, Iraq.; T Mestrovic, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; University Centre Varazdin, University North, Varazdin, Croatia.; CDK Mettananda, Department of Pharmacology, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka; Clinical Medicine Department, Colombo North Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka.; S Mettananda, Department of Paediatrics, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka; University Paediatrics Unit, Colombo North Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka.; MMM Metwally, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.; SDD Mewoabi, Faculty of Sciences, University of Buea, Cameroon, Buea, Cameroon.; B Miazgowski, Clinical Emergency Department, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.; IM Michalek, Department of Pathology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland.; KM Mihretie, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.; MAN Mikrajab, Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor District, Indonesia.; G Minervini, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy; Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.; AK Misra, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, India.; D Modi, Ashok & Rita Patel Institute of Physiotherapy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, India.; MG Mohamed, RAK College of Nursing, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al-Khaimah, United Arab Emirates; Nursing College, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.; NS Mohamed, Molecular Biology Unit, Sirius Training and Research Centre, Khartoum, Sudan; Bio-Statistical and Molecular Biology Department, Sirius Training and Research Centre, Khartoum, Sudan.; KAH Mohamed Ahmed, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.; T Mohammad, Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; Centre For Interdisciplinary Research In Basic Sciences (CIRBSc), Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.; A Mohammadi, Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Urology Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; MR Mohammadi, Department of Bacteriology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.; S Mohammadi, Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman; Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.; I Mohammadzadeh, Skull Base Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; A Mohammed, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.; O Mohammed, Department of Medicine, Government Medical College Kozhikode, Kozhikode, India.; S Mohammed, Health Systems and Policy Research Unit, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.; Y Mohammed, Medical Microbiology Department, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria; Medical Microbiology Department, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria.; S Mohan, Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India.; YK Mohanta, Department of Applied Biology, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, Ri-Bhoi, India.; A Mohsenzadeh, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; AH Mokdad, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; A Mollaei, Department Medical-Surgical Nursing, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.; L Monasta, Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy.; H Mondal, Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, India.; MA Moni, AI & Cyber Futures Institute, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia; The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.; M Montalti, Department of Collective Prevention and Public Health, General Directorate for Personal Care, Health, and Welfare, Bologna, Italy.; CE Moore, Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, St. George's University of London, London, UK.; M Moradi-Lakeh, Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; M Morovvati, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; SD Morrison, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA.; MM Morsy, Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt.; R Mosaddeghi Heris, Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.; R Motappa, Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India.; F Mousavi, Department of Cardiology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, shiraz, Iran.; A Mousavi Khaneghah, Faculty of Biotechnologies (BioTech), ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.; SMS Mousavi Kiasary, Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX, USA; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.; MAA Mousnad, School of Pharmacy, International University of Africa (IUA), Khartoum, Sudan; National University-Sudan, Faculty of Clinical and Industrial Pharmacy, Khartoum, Sudan.; HL Mowafy, Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, October 6 University, Cairo, Egypt.; K Mozahheb Yousefi, Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Hazrat-e Rasool General Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; N Mozart Vieira, Nutrology Fellowship, Nutrology Academy, São Paulo, Brazil.; A Msherghi, Department of Radiology, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya.; FN Mturi, Clinical Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya.; S Mubarik, Unit of Pharmacotherapy, Epidemiology and Economics, University of Groningen (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen), Groningen, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.; L Muccioli, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.; G Mudhune, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Laikipia Health Service, County Government of Laikipia, Nanyuki, Kenya.; JS Muhammad, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.; S Mulatu, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.; F Mulita, Department of Surgery, General University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece; Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.; M Muniyandi, Department of Health Economics, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India.; K Munjal, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, India.; E Murillo-Zamora, Clinical Epidemiology Research Unit, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Villa de Alvarez, Mexico; Postgraduate in Medical Sciences, Universidad de Colima, Colima, Mexico.; V Murugan, Community Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India.; S Musa, Department of Paediatrics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.; S Muthu, Department of Research Methods, Orthopaedic Research Group, Coimbatore, India; Central Research Laboratory, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry, India.; S Muthupandian, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology FAMS, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia; Prince Fahad bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.; CM Muvunyi, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda.; M Muzaffar, Department of Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; Research Centre for Health Sciences (RCHS), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.; W Myung, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.; M Nabi Foodani, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; AJ Nagarajan, Research and Analytics Department, Initiative for Financing Health and Human Development, Chennai, India; Department of Research and Analytics, Bioinsilico Technologies, Chennai, India.; K Nagarajan, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Indian Council of Medical Research, Chennai, India.; G Naguib, Department of Restorative Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Oral Biology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.; F Nainu, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.; HHR Najmuldeen, College of Health Sciences, Cihan University-Sulaimaniya, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq; University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.; N Nakhostin Ansari, Department of Physiotherapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for War-affected People, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; IA Naqid, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Zakho, Zakho, Iraq.; S Nargus, University Institute of Public Health, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.; AJ Nashwan, Nursing & Midwifery Research Department (NMRD), Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.; H Nasiri, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.; M Nassar, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Vermont, South Burlington, VT, USA.; ZS Natto, Department of Dental Public Health, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.; Z Naureen, Dept of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.; M Naveed, Department of Biotechnology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.; A Nawaz, Department of Internal Medicine, Khyber Medical University, Islamabad, Pakistan.; BP Nayak, Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences, Amity University, Noida, India.; J Nazari, Department of Pediatrics, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.; GT Nchanji, TroDDIVaT Initiative, Frontline Association, Buea, Cameroon; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.; AT Nega, Department of Midwifery, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.; AA Negash, Department of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; MyungSung Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; I Negoi, Department of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Department of General Surgery, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.; N Nekliudov, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.; G Nepal, Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.; S Nepal, Department of Community Medicine, Lumbini Medical College, Palpa, Nepal.; HB Netsere, School of Nursing, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.; CRJ Newton, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Neurosciences, Kenya Medical Research Institute/Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya.; JCS Ngabonziza, Research, Innovation, and Data Science Division, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.; CT Nguyen, Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam.; CT Nguyen, Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Viet Nam.; HT Nguyen, Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam.; HLT Nguyen, Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Viet Nam.; TT Nguyen, International Institute for Training and Research (INSTAR), University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University (UMP-VNU), Hanoi, Viet Nam.; T Nguyen, Faculty of Public Health, VNU University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, USA.; TA Nguyen, Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, New York, NY, USA.; VT Nguyen, Tuberculosis Group, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Department of General Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, USA.; RK Niazi, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.; A Nikoobar, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; V Niranjan, School of Medicine, Health research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Department of Public Health, UNICAF, Larnaca, Cyprus.; JMV Niyonsenga, Research Department, JFI Consults Ltd, Kigali, Rwanda.; S Nomura, International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan; Global Research Institute, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.; Nawsherwan, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen, China.; CA Nri-Ezedi, Department of Paediatrics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.; JC Nshimiyimana, Global Health Department, Euclid University, Banqui, Central African Republic.; F Nugen, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; School of Information, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.; CN Nwakama, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.; FK Nyande, Department of Nursing, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.; CI Nzoputam, Center of Excellence in Reproductive Health Innovation (CERHI), University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.; OJ Nzoputam, Department of Physiology, University of Benin, Edo, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Nigeria.; B Oancea, Department of Applied Economics and Quantitative Analysis, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania; Bioinformatics Department, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania.; FM Oddi, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata' Rome, Italy.; MS Oduro, Pfizer Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, USA.; AOD Ofakunrin, Department of Pediatrics, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria; Department of Pediatrics, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria.; OA Ogundijo, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.; OO Ojedoyin, Department of Physiotherapy, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.; TR Ojo-Akosile, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.; SR Okeke, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Centre for Social Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; DO Okeke-Obayemi, Counselling and Human Development Studies, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.; OC Okonji, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.; OA Okunlola, Department of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo, Nigeria.; AT Olagunju, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.; AO Olawuyi, Immunology and Laboratory Informatics Unit, Federal University of Health Sciences, Ila-Orangun, Nigeria.; AA Olorukooba, Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.; GL Omar, Surgery Department, Sulaimani University, Sulaimani, Iraq; ENT Department, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata' Rome, Italy.; KI Onyedibe, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, USA.; M Ordak, Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Care, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.; A Orscelik, Department of Neurosurgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.; E Ortiz-Prado, One Health Global Research Group, Universidad de las Americas (University of the Americas), Quito, Ecuador.; A Osborne, Department of Biological Sciences, Njala University, Freetown, Sierra Leone.; E Osei, University of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.; UL Osuagwu, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia; Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.; O Osuolale, Department of Biological Sciences, Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin, Nigeria.; OJ Otorkpa, School of Public Health, Texila American University, Georgetown, Guyana.; A Ouyahia, Faculty of Medicine, University Ferhat Abbas of Setif, Setif, Algeria; Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Setif, Setif, Algeria.; IA Owusu, West African Center for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana.; OA Oyebanji, University Hospitals, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.; K Oyebola, Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria.; T Oyelade, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK; School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK.; AE Oyeleye, Department of Paediatrics, Federal Medical Centre, Bida, Nigeria.; KA Oyeniran, Department of Biological Sciences, Bamidele Olumilua University of Education Science & Technology, Ikere-Ekiti, Nigeria; Plant Systems Biology, International Center for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town, South Africa.; OT Oyeyemi, Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo, Nigeria.; M P A, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysore, India.; JR Padubidri, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India.; A Pana, Department of Community Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj Napoca, Cluj Napoca, Romania; Department of Health Metrics, Center for Health Outcomes & Evaluation, Bucharest, Romania.; SK Panda, Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India.; A Pandey, Research Department, Public Health Research Society Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal; Research Department, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal.; SR Pandi-Perumal, Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India; Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Punjab, India.; A Pandya, Department of Health Policy, Management and Behavioural Sciences, Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India.; GD Panos, Division of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; First Department of Ophthalmology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.; LD Panos, Department of Neurology, University of Bern, Biel, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.; G Paolino, Unit of Dermatology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.; MV Papa, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.; I Papadimopoulos, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.; P Paranjkhoo, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.; S Pardhan, Vision and Eye Research Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.; A Parida, Department of Pharmacology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.; RR Parikh, Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.; C Park, Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Public Health, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.; M Pasovic, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; BH Patel, Institute of Physiotherapy, Ashok and Rita Patel Institute of Physiotherapy, Anand, India.; M Patel, Department of Computer Science and Bioscience, Marwadi University, Rajkot, India.; NN Patel, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tennessee, Nashville, TN, USA.; S Patel, Zoology Section, Regional Institute of Education (RIE), Ajmer, India.; S Patil, College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT, USA.; D Patoulias, Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.; S Pawar, Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.; S Pawar, Department of Interventional Cardiology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; J Pekarcikova, Department of Public Health, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia.; U Pensato, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy.; P Peprah, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; G Pereira, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia; Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.; G Perez Chacon, Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; S Perna, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.; P Petakh, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine.; OJ Peter, Department of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo, Nigeria.; HQ Pham, Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.; AK Philip, School of Pharmacy, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.; ZZ Piracha, International Center of Medical Sciences Research, International Center of Medical Sciences Research, Islamabad, Pakistan; Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan.; E Pirera, Department of Promoting Health, Maternal-Infant, Excellence and Internal and Specialized Medicine (PROMISE) G. D'Alessandro, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.; E Plotnikov, Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia; Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia.; D Poddighe, College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Hanoi, Viet Nam.; RV Polibin, Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.; A Pollard, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; R Poluru, Department of Data Management and Analysis, The INCLEN Trust International, New Delhi, India.; T Porntaveetus, Center of Excellence in Precision Medicine and Digital Health, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.; S Pourasghary, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.; F Pourghazi, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.; PMS Pradhan, Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal; T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.; RO Pradipta, Department of Fundamental Nursing, Universitas Airlangga (Airlangga University), Surabaya, Indonesia; Research Center in Advancing Community Healthcare, Surabaya, Indonesia.; A Prashant, Department of Biochemistry, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India.; EJS Prates, Department of Maternal-Child Nursing and Public Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.; J Puvvula, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; FN Qamar, Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; NH Qasim, Department of Medical Instrumentation Techniques Engineering, Al-Rafidain University, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Luhansk, Ukraine.; X Qi, Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA.; N Qur'aniati, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga (Airlangga University), Surabaya, Indonesia.; SN Qurashi, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.; N Rabiee, Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.; AGG Rabiu, Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Health Sciences, Ila-Orangun, Nigeria.; B Rachmat, Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.; RA Radhakrishnan, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India; Oman Dental College, Oman.; V Radhakrishnan, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute (W.I.A), Chennai, India.; A Raggi, UO Neurologia, Salute Pubblica e Disabilità (The Neurology, Public Health and Disability Unit), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (IRCCS Foundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute), Milan, Italy.; P Raghav, Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.; YSR Raghav, Department of Mathematics, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.; P Raghuveer, Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India.; SK Rahamon, Department of Immunology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.; HM Rahim, Medical Laboratory Science Department, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.; S Rahimi, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; Health Science Research Centre, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.; V Rahimi-Movaghar, Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; FM Rahman, College of Health Sciences, Cihan University-Sulaimaniya, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq; Department of Biology, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.; M Rahman, Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.; MA Rahman, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC, Australia.; H Rahmoune, Faculty of Medicine, University of Setif Algeria, Setif, Algeria; LIRSSEI Research Lab, University of Setif Algeria, Setif, Algeria.; SK Raina, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Tanda, Kangra, India.; JP Raj, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.; A Raja, Department of Cardiology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.; J Rajendran, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.; S Rajindrajith, Department of Paediatrics, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.; MA Rajizadeh, Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.; KD Rakhimov, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.; MM Ramadan, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Cardiology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.; C Ramasamy, Department of Anatomy, Govt. Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada, India.; SK Ramasamy, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.; M Ramzan, University of Mississippi Ole Miss, Oxford, MS, USA.; N Rancic, Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Defence in Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia.; F Ranjbar Noei, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.; AG Rao, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.; SJ Rao, Department of Oral Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Odontology, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shimogga, India.; A Rasouli-Saravani, Department of Immunology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; I Rathi, Amity Institue of Public Health & Hospital Administration, Amity University in Noida, Noida, India.; D Rathish, Department of Family Medicine, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka.; SK Rauniyar, Department of Global Health Policy, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.; I Rautalin, Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; The National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.; DL Rawaf, WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education and Training, Imperial College London, London, UK; Inovus Medical, St Helens, UK.; S Rawaf, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Academic Public Health England, Public Health England, London, UK.; B Razi, Department of Hematology, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran; Department of Hematology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.; EM Redwan, Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Egypt; Department of Protein Research, Research and Academic Institution, Alexandria, Egypt.; MA Reta, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.; LF Reyes, Unisabana Center for Translational Science, Universidad de La Sabana (Savannah University), Chia, Colombia; Critical Care Department, Clinica Universidad De La Sabana (Savannah University Clinic), Chia, Colombia.; M Rezaei, School of Environment, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.; N Rezaei, Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; M Rezaeian, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.; M Riaz, Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal Pakistan, Dir Upper, Pakistan.; TP Rocke, AMR Special Program, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA; 16 Heusner Crescent, Independent Consultant, Belize, Belize.; JAB Rodriguez, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.; L Roever, Department of Clinical Research, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.; R Rohilla, Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Chandigarh, India.; DS Romadlon, Faculty of Nursing, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.; MKK Rony, Miyan Research Institute, International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh.; VD Rosenthal, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.; AGP Ross, College of Medicine, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.; HS Rout, Department of Analytical and Applied Economics, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India; RUSA Centre of Excellence in Public Policy and Governance, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India.; A Roy, Department of Community Medicine, RVM Medical College and Research Centre, Hyderabad, India; Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India.; P Roy, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Agartala, India.; P Roy, Department of Labour, Government of West Bengal, Kolkata, India.; S Roy, Department of Public Health, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA.; S Roy, Research Department, Indian Institute of Public Health, Delhi, India.; S Roy Chowdhury, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.; P Rubeshkumar, Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK.; GA Ruela, Advanced Campus Governador Valadares, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil.; T Runghien, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; N Rustagi, Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.; C S N, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysore, India.; AMA Saad, Cardiovascular Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.; MO Saad, Pharmacy Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.; A Saad Eddin, Department of Anesthesiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Hilliard, OH, USA.; M Sabbatucci, Department Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy; Department for Health Prevention, Ministry of Health, Rome, Italy.; MM Saber-Ayad, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; Clinical Sciences Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.; CJ Sabet, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.; S Sabour, Department of Epidemiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; M Sachdeva Dhingra, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Bihar College of Pharmacy, Patna, India.; SK Sadat Rafiei, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; MN Saddique, Department of Community Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan.; BA Sadee, Department of Food Technology, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq.; E Sadeghi, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.; B Sadek, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.; H Sadr, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nuroscience Research Center, Trauma Institute, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.; M Saeed, Department of Biology, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.; U Saeed, Széchenyi István University, Győr, Hungary; Operational Research Center in Healthcare, Near East University, Cyprus, Turkiye.; M Saeedi, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran.; M Safari, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Environment, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Health in Disaster & Emergency, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; M Sagharichi, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; A Saghazadeh, Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; AK Sah, College of Applied and Health Sciences, A' Sharqiyah University, Ibra, Oman.; F Saheb Sharif-Askari, Sharjah Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.; N Saheb Sharif-Askari, Clinical Sciences Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.; A Sahebkar, Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.; M Sahu, Department of Preventive & Social Medicine, All India Institute of Hygiene & Public Health, Kolkata, India.; SK Sahu, Zoology, Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Bolpur, India.; M Saki, Department of Microbiology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.; JW Sakshaug, LMU-Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany.; N Salam, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.; M Salameh, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA.; AA Salami, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.; RSZ Saleem, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.; Z Saleem, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.; MA Saleh, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.; M Salehi, Department of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.; T Saliev, Atchabarov Scientific-Research Institute of Fundamental and Applied Medicine, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.; S Salimi, Department of Anesthesiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; M Sallam, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; Department of Clinical Laboratories and Forensic Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.; YL Samodra, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Benang Merah Research Center, Benang Merah Research Center (BMRC), Minahasa Utara, Indonesia.; AM Samy, Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Medical Ain Shams Research Institute (MASRI), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.; SG Sangle, Department of Forensic Biology, Government Institute of Forensic Science Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, India.; RK Sanjeev, Department of Pediatrics, SRM Medical College Hospital And Research Centre, Kattankulathur, India.; S Sankar, Department of Microbiology, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.; V Sanker, Department of Neurosurgery, Government Medical College, Thrissur, Thrissur, India.; A Saravanan, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India; Indira Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India.; M Sarmadi, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.; GS Sarode, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune (Deemed to be University), Pune, India.; SC Sarode, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune (Deemed to be University), Pune, India.; B Sartorius, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.; M Sassano, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.; MK Sathya Narayanan, Department of Epidemiology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India.; M Satpathy, UGC Centre of Advanced Study in Psychology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India; Udyam-Global Association for Sustainable Development, Bhubaneswar, India.; M Savabi Far, Precision Medicine Department, Università degli studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli), Naples, Italy.; C Schinckus, Universidad ESAN, Universidad ESAN, Lima, Peru; Graduate School of Business, University of the Fraser Valley, Abbotsford, BC, Canada.; G Schwarz, Stroke Unit and Neurology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.; A Sejben, Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.; S Selvaraj, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College & Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune (Deemed to be University), Pune, India.; Y Semenova, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.; AK Sendekie, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; School of Pharmacy, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.; S Senthilkumaran, Emergency Department, Manian Medical Centre, Erode, India.; D Serban, Department of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Fourth Department of General Surgery, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.; Y Sethi, Department of Medicine, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, India.; SM Seyed Alshohadaei, Department of Anesthesiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; D Seyedi, Musculoskeletal Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; A Seylani, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.; Y Shaalan, Faculty of Medicine, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October city, Egypt.; S Shahid, Research Centre for Health Sciences (RCHS), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.; SA Shahid, Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman; Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.; W Shahid, Department of Physics, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.; E Shahini, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS 'Saverio de Bellis' Castellana Grotte, Italy.; MJ Shahwan, Center for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.; MA Shaikh, Independent Consultant, Karachi, Pakistan.; A Shakerimoghaddam, Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.; S Shakoor, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.; S Sham, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Northwell Health, New York, NY, USA.; MA Shamim, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.; M Shams-Beyranvand, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.; A Shamsi, Centre For Interdisciplinary Research In Basic Sciences (CIRBSc), Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India; Center for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.; A Shamsutdinova, Science Department, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.; D Shan, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK; Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.; M Shannawaz, Amity Institute of Public Health and Hospital Administration, Amity University, Noida, India.; A Sharifan, Department for Evidence-based Medicine and Evaluation, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria.; J Sharifi Rad, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, Ecuador.; B Sharma, Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, India.; K Sharma, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, India; India.; M Sharma, Department of Social and Behavioral Health, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA.; RK Sharma, Department of University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Punjab, India.; V Sharma, Institute of Forensic Science & Criminology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.; R Shawahna, Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.; HS Shehata, Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.; A Sheidaei, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Quantitative Department, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center (NCDRC), Tehran, Iran.; SM Shenoy, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India.; SP Sherchan, Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.; M Shetty, Alva's Insitute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Moodubidire, India.; PH Shetty, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India.; PK Shetty, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.; MMH Shimul, Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.; A Shittu, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria.; V Shivarov, Department of Experimental Research, Medical University Pleven, Pleven, Bulgaria; Department of Genetics, Sofia University 'St. Kliment Ohridiski' Sofia, Bulgaria.; A Shokri, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.; S Shool, Center for Technology and Innovation in Cardiovascular Informatics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; SA Shorofi, Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.; SA Shuaibu, Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria.; NRS Sibuyi, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Randburg, South Africa; Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa.; EE Siddig, Unit of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands.; LMLR Silva, Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center (SPRINT), Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, Guarda, Portugal; RISE Health, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.; EAF Simões, Pediatrics and Epidemiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA; Epidemiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.; A Singh, Amity Institute of Public Health and Hospital Administration, Amity University, Noida, India.; A Singh, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India; Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.; B Singh, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.; BP Singh, Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sceinces, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management-Kundli (NIFTEM-K), Sonipat, India.; H Singh, Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India.; H Singh, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad, India.; JA Singh, School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Medicine Service, US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Houston, TX, USA.; P Singh, Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India.; PS Singh, Amity Institute of Public Health and Hospital Administration, Amity University, Noida, India.; P Singh, Department of Human Genetics, Punjabi University Patiala, Patiala, India.; S Singh, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.; S Singh, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.; MK Sinha, Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.; R Sinto, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia.; VY Skryabin, Books Committee, Royal College of Psychiatrists, London, UK.; M SobhZahedi, Department of Biology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.; B Socea, Department of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Surgery, 'Sf. Pantelimon' Emergency Clinical Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.; HM Soeters, Independent Consultant, Grilly, France.; A Sokhan, Department of Infectious Diseases, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine; Clinical Science Line, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteologie, Vienna, Austria.; AM Soliman, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt; Faculty of Science, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada.; MMS Soliman, Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.; NS Soliman, Kasr-AlAiny Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.; H Soltaninejad, School of Rehabilitation, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.; X Song, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.; P Sood, Independent Consultant, New Delhi, India.; S Soraneh, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.; M Sorrentino, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Public Health, University of Naples 'Federico II' Naples, Italy.; AM Spagnolo, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.; E Spahic, Pediatric Clinic, Clinical Centre University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.; BS Srichawla, Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.; K Sridharan, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain.; M Srinivasan, JIPMER International School of Public Health, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India.; S Sriram, College of Health and Public Service, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.; MH Stanikzai, Department of Public Health, Kandahar University, Kandahar, Afghanistan.; A Stergachis, Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; CY Su, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.; O Subasi, Department of Orthopaedics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Orthopaedics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.; V Subramaniyan, Department of Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.; H Sujon, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.; O Sulaieva, Department of Pathology, Kyiv Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine; Department of Pathology, Medical Laboratory CSD, Kyiv, Ukraine.; SK Sulaiman, Department of Medicine, Yobe State University Teaching Hospital, Yobe, Nigeria.; MJM Sullman, Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus.; T Sundaram, Department of Biotechnology, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India.; V Suresh, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; UK.; CK Swain, Department of Analytical and Applied Economics, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India.; L Szarpak, Institute of Medical Sciences, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.; SS T Y, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, India.; P Tabaee Damavandi, Department of Neurology, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland (NSI), Lugano, Switzerland.; SM Tabatabaei, Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Informatics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.; S Tabatabai, Department of Medical Education, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; C Tabche, Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.; ZM Taha, Duhok Research Centre, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq.; M Taheri Soodejani, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.; J Taiba, Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.; S Tajabadi, Precision Medicine Department, Università degli studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli), Naples, Italy.; IM Talaat, Department of Pathology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Clinical Sciences Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.; JL Tamuzi, Department of Epidemiology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Medicine, Northlands Medical Group, Omuthiya, Namibia.; KK Tan, Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.; M Tanashat, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.; MK Tariku, Department of Public Health, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.; S Tariq, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan; Patient Safety Research Fellow, Department of Metabolism and Systems Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.; A Tasnim, Department of Public Health and Informatics, Bangladesh Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.; NY Tat, Taking Our Best Shot, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Research and Innovation, Enventure Medical Innovation, Houston, TX, USA.; YF Tawaldemedhen, Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.; MG Tedla, Indiana University School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Indianapolis, IN, USA.; A Tekola, School of Public Health, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.; T Temedie-Asogwa, Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, USA.; MH Temsah, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; WBB Tesfamariam, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.; AA Tesfu, Department of Midwifery, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.; B Tessema, Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.; CK Thakur, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karnali Academy of Health Sciences (KAHS), Jumla, Nepal.; P Thangaraju, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India.; I Tharwat, Department of Economics, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.; S Tharwat, Rheumatology and Immunology Unit, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.; MK Thind, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.; JHV Ticoalu, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Sam Ratulangi (Sam Ratulangi University), Manado, Indonesia.; M Tleshev, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.; S Tomo, Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.; MR Tovani-Palone, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.; AT Tran, Department of Medicine, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.; QTH Tran, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan.; TQM Tran, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.; TH Tran, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Department of Business Analytics, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, USA.; N Tran Minh Duc, Research and Advocacy Initiative, ALS Vietnam, Quang Ngai, Viet Nam.; VTL Trinh, Department of Otolaryngology, Tam Anh Ho Chi Minh City general Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.; CD Tristan, Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia.; SJ Tromans, Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Adult Learning Disability Service, Leicestershire Partnership National Health Service Trust, Leicester, UK.; C Truppa, CRIMEDIM Center for Research and Training in Global Health, Humanitarian Aid and Disaster Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy; Department of Primary Care, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.; VS Tseriotis, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.; LS Tuglo, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.; AJ Udoakang, Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo, Nigeria.; A Ullah, Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.; H Ullah, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Peshawar, Pakistan; College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia.; R Ullah, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan.; S Ullah, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan; Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.; L Umar, Department of Physiotherapy, Federal Ministry of Health, Azare, Nigeria; Federal University of Health Sciences Teaching Hospital Azare, Azare, Nigeria.; M Umar, Department of Medicine, Khairpur Medical College, Khairpur, Pakistan.; M Umar, Research Centre for Health Sciences (RCHS), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; Lahore Business School, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.; D Upadhya, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.; E Upadhyay, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.; JS Usman, Department of Physiotherapy, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.; D Uzun Ozsahin, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Operational Research Center in Healthcare, Near East University, Mersin, Turkiye.; H Uzunçıbuk, Department of Orthodontics, University of Trakya, Edirne, Turkiye.; AG Vaithinathan, College of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Bahrain, Zallaq, Bahrain.; PR Valdez, Sociedad Argentina de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Vélez Sarsfield, Buenos Aires, Argentina.; RS Vaman, Department of Health and Family Welfare, Government of Kerala, India, Trivandrum, India; ICMR School of Public Health, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India.; N Venketasubramanian, Raffles Neuroscience Centre, Raffles Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.; B Venkidasamy, Centre for Biosciences and Biotechnology, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.; AK Verma, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India.; P Verma, Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India.; A Vieira, Department of Exact and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of Health Science of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.; S Villa, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.; JH Villafañe, Department of Physiotherapy, Universidad Europea de Madrid (European University of Madrid), Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain.; L Villani, Department of Health Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (Catholic University of Sacred Heart), Rome, Italy; Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences - UniCamillus, Rome, Italy.; MF Vinueza Veloz, Community Medicine and Global Health, Oslo University, Oslo, Norway; Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.; AF Vinueza-Veloz, Grupo de investigacióm GIANH, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Riobamba, Ecuador.; L Vu, Faculty of Public Health, VNU University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hanoi, Viet Nam; International Institute for Training and Research (INSTAR), VNU University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hanoi, USA.; Y Waheed, NUST School of Health Sciences, National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan; Széchenyi István University, Gyor, Hungary.; M Walia, Department of Forensic Science, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, India.; A Wander, Department of Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India.; L Wang, Marshall Centre for Interventions in Infectious Disease, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.; X Wang, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.; Y Wang, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.; KG Weerakoon, Department of Parasitology, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka.; I Weerasekara, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; University of Adelaide, North Terrace, NSW, Australia.; X Wei, Department of Geriatrics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.; AL Wicaksana, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.; DP Wickramasinghe, Department of Surgery, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.; ND Wickramasinghe, Department of Community Medicine, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka.; A Wilandika, Department of Nursing, Universitas Aisyiyah Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia.; PCM Williams, Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney Children's Hospital Network, Sydney, NSW, Australia.; AA Wireko, Research Organisation, Inter-Continental Omni-Research in Medicine Collaborative, Berlin, Germany.; TE Wonde, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Australia, NSW, Australia.; FG Wongnaah, Abuakwa North Municipal Health Directorate, Ghana Health Service, Kukurantumi, Ghana.; C Wright, Research, Evidence and Policy Department, Meningitis Research Foundation, Bristol, UK.; F Wu, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.; JF Wu, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.; Z Wu, Division of Gastroenterology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Z Xia, Western Institute of Digital-Intelligent Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.; N Xiao, School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, China.; S Xu, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.; MK Yadav, Department of Microbiology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.; S Yaghoubi, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.; S Yahoo Syed, Department of Community Medicine, Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Hyderabad, India.; G Yahya, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt; Department of Cells and Tissues, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.; H Yan, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.; H Yang, Department of Occupational Diseases, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China.; K Yang, Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.; X Yang, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.; H Yao, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.; L Yao, Joe C Wen School of Population and Public Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.; MH YektaKooshali, Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.; S Yezli, Innovation and Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; S Yi, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; KHANA Center for Population Health Research, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.; V Yiğit, Department of Health Management, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi (Süleyman Demirel University), Isparta, Turkiye.; D Yin, Department of Epidemiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.; MB Yismaw, Department of Pharmacy, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.; YE Yismaw, Department of Pharmacology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Pharmacy Department, Alkan Health Science, Business and Technology College, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.; DK Yon, Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.; Y Yu, School of Public Health, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.; Q Yuan, Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.; M Yuwanati, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.; M Zafar, Family and Community Medicine Department, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia; Saudi Arabia.; M Zaghampour, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.; D Zairov, Department of Oncology and Mammology, Kazakh Russian Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.; F Zakham, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hodeidah University, Hodeidah, Yemen.; G Zamagni, Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy.; A Zanghì, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.; M Zastrozhin, Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutical Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Administration, PGxAI, San Francisco, CA, USA.; M Zawiah, Department of Clinical Practice, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia.; MGM Zeariya, Department of Public Health, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.; J Zeb, Higher Education Archives & Libraries Department, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar, Pakistan.; E Zerihun, Department of Nursing, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Chiro, Ethiopia.; EM Zeru, Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.; H Zhang, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.; JMF Zhang, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.; P Zhang, School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.; X Zhang, Department of Internal Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.; M Zhanuzakov, Faculty of Medicine and Healthcare, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.; Z Zhu, Unit of Cancer Survivorship, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.; A Zhumagaliuly, Atchabarov Scientific-Research Institute of Fundamental and Applied Medicine, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.; M Zielińska, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.; YT Zikarg, Department of Anatomy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; RM Zrieq, Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.; A Zumla, Center for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London, UK; NIHR-Biomedical Research Centre (NIHR-BRC), University College London Hospitals, London, UK.; AH Zyoud, Department of Chemistry, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.; SH Zyoud, Clinical Research Centre, An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, Palestine; Department of Clinical and Community Pharmacy, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.; SH Zyoud, Department of Building Engineering and Environment, Palestine Technical University (Kadoorie), Tulkarem, Palestine; Civil Engineering and Sustainable Structures, Palestine Technical University (Kadoorie), Tulkarem, Palestine.; O Камишний, Відділення мікробіології, вірусології та імунології, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine.; Abdullah, Medicine Department, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.; JF Mosser, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; SI Hay, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; CJL Murray, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; M Naghavi, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; HH Kyu, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. Electronic address: hmwekyu@uw.edu.
Entry Date(s):	Date Created: 20260330 Date Completed: 20260714 Latest Revision: 20260715
Update Code:	20260716
DOI:	10.1016/S1474-4422(26)00101-8
PMID:	41911930
Βάση Δεδομένων:	MEDLINE

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ISSN:	1474-4465
DOI:	10.1016/S1474-4422(26)00101-8