Academic Journal
Trans-dentinal cytotoxicity assessment of adhesive systems on sound and caries-affected dentin using a microphysiological artificial pulp chamber system.
| Title: | Trans-dentinal cytotoxicity assessment of adhesive systems on sound and caries-affected dentin using a microphysiological artificial pulp chamber system. |
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| Authors: | Álamo L; Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil., Stuani VT; Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil., Correa LE; Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil., Braga de Melo CCDS; Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil., Soares IPM; Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil., Anselmi C; Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil., de Souza Costa CA; Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry of Araraquara, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil., Hebling J; Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil., Soares DG; Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: dianasoares@fob.usp.br. |
| Source: | Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials [Dent Mater] 2026 Aug; Vol. 42 (8), pp. 1430-1442. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Mar 26. |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: Elsevier Science Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8508040 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-0097 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01095641 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Dent Mater Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: 1998- : Kidlington, Oxford, UK : Elsevier Science Original Publication: Copenhagen : Munksgaard, c1985- |
| MeSH Terms: | Dentin*/drug effects , Dental Pulp*/cytology , Dental Pulp*/drug effects , Dentin-Bonding Agents*/toxicity , Dental Caries*, Dentin Permeability/drug effects ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Humans ; Microphysiological Systems ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Materials Testing ; In Vitro Techniques ; Coculture Techniques ; Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate |
| Abstract: | Objective: This study evaluated, in vitro, the trans-dentinal cytotoxicity of a universal adhesive system (Single Bond Universal, SBU) applied onto sound and caries-affected dentin (CAD), using a microphysiological artificial pulp chamber (APC) on-a-chip system. Methods: Human dentin discs (0.35 mm) from sound (SD) or microbiologically demineralized teeth (CAD) were used in a co-culture model under simulated pulpal pressure into APC-on-a-chip, with MDPC-23 cells seeded on the pulpal surface and human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) cultured in 3D collagen gels beneath the dentin. SBU was applied on the occlusal surface in self-etch (SE) or etch-and-rinse (ER) mode and LED-cured (continuous mode). After 24 h, cell metabolism (Alamar Blue), viability (Live/Dead), dentin permeability (Lp), morphology (SEM), and HEMA diffusion (UV-vis) were evaluated. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA/Tukey or Student's t-tests (p < 0.05). Results: SBU application reduced MDPC-23 metabolism by 71.2% (SE) and 85.7% (ER) on SD, and 46.8% (SE) and 62.2% (ER) on CAD. HDPCs showed similar trends: decreases of 50.2% and 70.1% on SD, and 38.1% and 61.9% on CAD, respectively. Live/Dead staining confirmed increased cell death, especially in SBU-ER groups. CAD discs had ∼82% lower permeability than SD; ER etching increased permeability in both. SEM showed open tubules in SD and demineralized surfaces in CAD. HEMA diffusion was reduced by 36.5% and 54.7% in CAD for SE and ER, respectively. Significance: SBU featured cytotoxicity regardless on dentin condition (SD or CAD), highlighting biological risks of using universal adhesives in deep cavities. (Copyright © 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.) |
| Competing Interests: | Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Artificial pulp chamber; Caries-affected dentin; Cytotoxicity; Odontoblast-like cells; Organ-on-a-chip; Universal adhesive |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 0 (Dentin-Bonding Agents) 0 (single bond) 454I75YXY0 (Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260327 Date Completed: 20260714 Latest Revision: 20260714 |
| Update Code: | 20260714 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.dental.2026.03.162 |
| PMID: | 41896115 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1879-0097 |
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| DOI: | 10.1016/j.dental.2026.03.162 |