Academic Journal
Differences in distant metastasis risk of breast cancer originating from various primary sites: a retrospective analysis based on the SEER database.
| Τίτλος: | Differences in distant metastasis risk of breast cancer originating from various primary sites: a retrospective analysis based on the SEER database. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Zhu H; State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.; College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jin Sui Avenue, Xinxiang, China.; College of Third Clinical, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China., Wang M; State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.; College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jin Sui Avenue, Xinxiang, China.; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China., Chen M; College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jin Sui Avenue, Xinxiang, China., Cai P; College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jin Sui Avenue, Xinxiang, China., Mao J; College of Fifth Clinical, Xinxiang First People's Hospital, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China., Zhao Y; College of Fifth Clinical, Xinxiang First People's Hospital, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China., Wang P; Clinical Pharmacy, Henan Province Key Subjects of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China.; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China., Cao R; School of Pediatrics, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China., Zang L; Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China., Wang L; Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China., Su J; College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jin Sui Avenue, Xinxiang, China. 17839707210@163.com.; College of Second Clinical, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China. 17839707210@163.com., Yang P; College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jin Sui Avenue, Xinxiang, China. 171048@xxmu.edu.cn.; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China. 171048@xxmu.edu.cn.; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Xinxiang, China. 171048@xxmu.edu.cn., Liu D; State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. ddliu@icmm.ac.cn. |
| Πηγή: | Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2026 Mar 21; Vol. 16 (1). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Mar 21. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101563288 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2045-2322 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20452322 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sci Rep Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: London : Nature Publishing Group, copyright 2011- |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Breast Neoplasms*/pathology , Breast Neoplasms*/mortality , Bone Neoplasms*/secondary , Lung Neoplasms*/secondary , Liver Neoplasms*/secondary, Brain Neoplasms/secondary ; Humans ; Female ; SEER Program ; Retrospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Aged ; Adult ; Risk Factors ; Prognosis |
| Περίληψη: | Breast cancer's primary site diversity may influence distant metastasis, yet research is scant. This study explores primary site impacts on metastasis and patient survival. We included 240,943 female breast cancer patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) data between 2010 and 2019. The primary sites were classified as upper-inner quadrant (UIQ, C50.2), lower-inner quadrant (LIQ, C50.3), upper-outer quadrant (UOQ, C50.4), lower-outer quadrant (LOQ, C50.5), axillary tail (C50.6), overlapping region (C50.8), and the central and nipple portion (TCNP, C50.0-C50.1). The distant metastatic organs include bone, brain, liver, and lung. Chi-square tests were used to compare patient characteristics, logistic regression for identifying predictive factors. Cox regression was utilized to compare the survival among patients with different primary sites and different metastatic sites. Breast cancer's primary site affects distant metastasis patterns and survival. Compared to the UOQ, tumors located in the axillary tail are associated with a higher risk of bone metastasis (P = 0.003) and lung metastasis (P = 0.006); tumors in the UIQ are linked to a lower risk of bone metastasis (P = 0.028), while TCNP presents a higher risk of both bone metastasis (P < 0.001) and liver metastasis (P = 0.001). Moreover, metastatic patterns affect patient survival, with brain metastasis generally indicating a poorer prognosis compared to bone metastasis (P < 0.001). When metastasis occurs in the same organ, the impact of primary site on survival prognosis becomes less significant (P > 0.05). Differences in the primary site of breast cancer shows variations in the patterns of metastasis to distant organs, which may assist in focusing attention and implementing preventive measures on organs more susceptible to distant metastasis at the early stage of breast cancer diagnosis. (© 2026. The Author(s).) |
| Competing Interests: | Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethics approval: The data for this study was sourced from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) public database, which is openly accessible. Patient information has been de-identified, thus exemption approval was granted by the ethics committee of Xinxiang Medical University. This research complies with the Helsinki Declaration. Consent to Participate: Participate consent was waived due to the approval of using a publicly accessible database and the retrospective nature of the research. Informed consent: Due to the approval of using a publicly accessible database and the retrospective nature of the research, informed consent was waived. Research involving human participants and/or animals: This article does not contain any research conducted by the authors on human participants or animals. Clinical significance: This large-scale cohort study identified significant associations between primary site in breast cancer and patterns of distant metastasis, with bone metastasis being the most prevalent. Notably, our findings suggest that the inflammatory tumor microenvironment may facilitate metastasis. Predicting metastatic sites holds critical clinical value for guiding targeted therapies and improving patient prognosis. |
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| Grant Information: | 202510472026 Henan Provincial College Students' Innovation Training Program Project; XYBSKYZZ201810 Starting Research Funding from Xinxiang Medical University; ZZ15-YQ-063 Fundamental Research Funds for the Central public welfare research institutes |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Breast cancer; Distant metastatic organs; Overall survival; Primary site; SEER |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260322 Date Completed: 20260711 Latest Revision: 20260813 |
| Update Code: | 20260813 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC13149625 |
| DOI: | 10.1038/s41598-026-44790-0 |
| PMID: | 41865120 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 2045-2322 |
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| DOI: | 10.1038/s41598-026-44790-0 |