Academic Journal
Inflammatory markers and electroconvulsive therapy-related cognitive outcomes in Depressive Disorders: A systematic review.
| Τίτλος: | Inflammatory markers and electroconvulsive therapy-related cognitive outcomes in Depressive Disorders: A systematic review. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Karimi H; Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Najafi A; School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Farahmand K; Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Mosaddeghi-Heris R; Neuroscience Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Shamabadi A; School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Psychiatric Research Center, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Naseri A; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Shahabifard H; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran., Cattarinussi G; Department of Neuroscience (DNS), Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy., Sambataro F; Department of Neuroscience (DNS), Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy., Bressi C; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy., Favalli V; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy., Moltrasio C; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy. Electronic address: chiaro.moltrasio1@policlinico.mi.it., Delvecchio G; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. |
| Πηγή: | Journal of affective disorders [J Affect Disord] 2026 Aug 01; Vol. 406, pp. 121639. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Mar 18. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article; Systematic Review; Review |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 7906073 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1573-2517 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01650327 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Affect Disord Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Amsterdam, Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press. |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Electroconvulsive Therapy*/adverse effects , Depressive Disorder*/therapy , Depressive Disorder*/blood , Inflammation*/blood , Cognitive Dysfunction*/etiology , Cognitive Dysfunction*/blood, Biomarkers/blood ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood ; Major Depressive Disorder/therapy ; Humans ; Animals ; C-Reactive Protein |
| Περίληψη: | Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for severe mood disorders. However, its cognitive side effects limit the widespread use. This systematic review evaluates the role of inflammatory markers in ECT-induced cognitive changes and identifies potential predictors of cognitive outcomes. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in four databases (ISI Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Embase), following PRISMA guidelines. We included studies investigating the association between inflammatory biomarkers and cognitive performance before and after ECT in unipolar or bipolar depression, as well as animal models. Results: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising five human and three animal studies. Key inflammatory markers examined included interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP). In human studies, higher baseline IL-10 levels were associated with lower cognitive impairment post-ECT. In contrast, the relationship between CRP and cognition was inconsistent, and no significant association was found between baseline IL-6 or TNF-α levels and cognitive changes. In animal models, elevated inflammatory markers such as IL-1β and TNF-α were associated with cognitive impairments following electroconvulsive shock, the animal analog of ECT. Conclusions: Inflammatory markers may play a role in ECT-induced cognitive impairment, with specific cytokines showing significant correlations with cognitive outcomes. However, evidence remains preliminary, and further prospective research is required before these markers can serve as clinically validated predictors that could inform targeted strategies to mitigate ECT-related cognitive adverse effects. (Copyright © 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.) |
| Competing Interests: | Declaration of competing interest None. |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Bipolar disorder; Cognitive impairment; Electroconvulsive therapy; Inflammatory markers; Major depressive disorder; Mood disorders |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 0 (Biomarkers) 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha) 9007-41-4 (C-Reactive Protein) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260320 Date Completed: 20260711 Latest Revision: 20260729 |
| Update Code: | 20260729 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.jad.2026.121639 |
| PMID: | 41862058 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1573-2517 |
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| DOI: | 10.1016/j.jad.2026.121639 |