Academic Journal

Low-viscosity ternary NADES for green extraction and UHPLC-DAD determination of potential endocrine-disrupting contaminants in wastewater.

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
Τίτλος: Low-viscosity ternary NADES for green extraction and UHPLC-DAD determination of potential endocrine-disrupting contaminants in wastewater.
Συγγραφείς: Luna-Díaz JM; Environmental Analytical Chemistry Group, University of Balearic Islands, Cra. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S.C. (CIMAV), Miguel de Cervantes 120, Chihuahua, 31136, Mexico., Leal-Quezada LO; Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S.C. (CIMAV), Miguel de Cervantes 120, Chihuahua, 31136, Mexico., Ferrer L; Environmental Analytical Chemistry Group, University of Balearic Islands, Cra. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain., Palacio E; Environmental Analytical Chemistry Group, University of Balearic Islands, Cra. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. Electronic address: edwin.palacio@uib.es.
Πηγή: Talanta [Talanta] 2026 Aug 01; Vol. 305, pp. 129654. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Mar 10.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 2984816R Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-3573 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00399140 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Talanta Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: Amsterdam : Elsevier
Original Publication: Oxford : Pergamon Press
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Water Pollutants, Chemical*/analysis , Water Pollutants, Chemical*/isolation & purification , Wastewater*/analysis , Wastewater*/chemistry , Deep Eutectic Solvents*/chemistry , Endocrine Disruptors*/analysis , Endocrine Disruptors*/isolation & purification, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods ; Green Chemistry Technology/methods ; Menthol/chemistry ; Camphor/chemistry ; Thymol/chemistry ; Parabens/analysis ; Triclosan/analysis ; Viscosity
Περίληψη: A low-viscosity ternary natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) composed of menthol, camphor and thymol, was developed as a sustainable extractant for the determination of methyl-, ethyl-, and propyl-paraben (MP, EP, PP), triclosan (TCSN), and 4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-OPH) in wastewater by UHPLC-DAD. Spectroscopic (FTIR, 1H NMR) and rheological characterization confirmed the formation of a stable hydrogen-bonded eutectic phase with markedly reduced viscosity, enabling direct chromatographic injection without dilution or back-extraction. The extraction process was optimized considering agitation mode, pH, ionic strength, extractant volume, and contact time. R-AE at neutral pH, 0.5 % Na2SO4, 300 μL of NADES, and 40 min extraction time provided the best analytical response. The method exhibited excellent linearity (R2 > 0.994), MLOD 0.03-0.85 μg L-1, MLOQ 0.11-2.13 μg L-1, and precision RSD <9 %, with recoveries of 84-117 % across wastewater treatment stages. MP, EP, and PP were detected in real samples at decreasing concentrations from primary to tertiary effluent, consistent with their expected biodegradation profiles, while TCSN and 4-t-OPH remained below MLOD. The AGREEprep assessment (score = 0.71) confirmed the method's superior greenness compared with other DES and solvent-based UHPLC-DAD microextraction techniques. Overall, the menthol:camphor:thymol (MCT) NADES offers a viable, eco-efficient, and cost-effective alternative for the routine monitoring of endocrine-disrupting PCPs in aquatic environments, advancing green analytical chemistry in wastewater analysis.
(Copyright © 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: 4-tert-octylphenol; Direct injection; Green analytical chemistry; Low viscosity; Natural deep eutectic solvent; Parabens; Triclosan
Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
0 (Wastewater)
0 (Deep Eutectic Solvents)
0 (Endocrine Disruptors)
1490-04-6 (Menthol)
76-22-2 (Camphor)
3J50XA376E (Thymol)
0 (Parabens)
4NM5039Y5X (Triclosan)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260315 Date Completed: 20260711 Latest Revision: 20260711
Update Code: 20260711
DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2026.129654
PMID: 41832856
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
Περιγραφή
ISSN:1873-3573
DOI:10.1016/j.talanta.2026.129654