Academic Journal
Anticandidal and Antibiofilm Activity of the Essential Oils from the Leaves of Citrus limon and Citrus sinensis.
| Τίτλος: | Anticandidal and Antibiofilm Activity of the Essential Oils from the Leaves of Citrus limon and Citrus sinensis. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Albuquerque Fernandes MA; 1 Master's student of Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil., Linhares de Aguiar FL; Center for Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Vale do Acaraú State University, Brazil., Lima Rodrigues PH; 1 Master's student of Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil., Lima Torres Martins MD; Master's Student of Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Medical School, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil., Bezerra de Souza E; Center for Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Vale do Acaraú State University, Brazil., Parcelli Costa do Vale J; Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Vale do Acaraú State University, Brazil., Rodrigues THS; Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Vale do Acaraú State University, Brazil., Salles de Brito EH; Institute of Health Sciences, International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusophony, Brazil., Fontenelle RODS; Center for Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Vale do Acaraú State University, Brazil. |
| Πηγή: | Planta medica [Planta Med] 2026 Aug; Vol. 92 (9), pp. 901-913. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Mar 02. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: George Thieme Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 0066751 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1439-0221 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00320943 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Planta Med Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: Stuttgart ; New York : George Thieme Original Publication: Stuttgart, Hippokrates Verlag. |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Oils, Volatile*/pharmacology , Oils, Volatile*/chemistry , Oils, Volatile*/isolation & purification , Biofilms*/drug effects , Citrus*/chemistry , Antifungal Agents*/pharmacology , Antifungal Agents*/chemistry , Antifungal Agents*/isolation & purification , Candida albicans*/drug effects , Citrus sinensis*/chemistry, Plant Leaves/chemistry ; Monoterpenes/pharmacology ; Terpenes/pharmacology ; Cyclohexenes/pharmacology ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Limonene ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Bicyclic Monoterpenes |
| Περίληψη: | Abstract: Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen whose virulence factors, such as polymorphism and biofilm formation, facilitate infection. Due to rising antifungal resistance, essential oils (EOs) from Citrus limon and Citrus sinensis are being investigated for their antimicrobial potential. This study analyzes the chemical composition, antifungal activity against Candida albicans in planktonic and biofilm forms, cytotoxicity on human erythrocytes, and pharmacokinetic properties of Citrus limon and Citrus sinensis essential oils. The essential oils were extracted from the leaves by hydrodistillation, and their composition was analyzed by GC-MS. Antifungal activity was assessed using broth microdilution and time-kill kinetics. Combined effects were assessed using checkerboard assays, while antibiofilm tests were evaluated using polystyrene plate assays and microscopy. Hemolytic activity tests were performed using percentage hemolysis. C. limon essential oil had limonene 40.8%, β-pinene 16.5%, and citronellal 12.3%, while C. sinensis had limonene 36.7%, β-pinene 14.6%, and eucalyptol 10.5% as its main constituents. The MIC was 0.312 - 1.25 mg/mL, with kill kinetics of up to 10 h. It showed additive effects for C. limon/fluconazole and synergistic effects for C. sinensis/fluconazole. It exhibited anti-adhesion and anti-polymorphism effects, inhibiting biofilm formation. It also exhibited low cytotoxicity, with an LC (Thieme. All rights reserved.) |
| Competing Interests: | The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. |
| Grant Information: | BP5-0197-00040.01.00/22 Fundação Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 0 (Oils, Volatile) 0 (Antifungal Agents) 0 (Monoterpenes) 9MC3I34447 (Limonene) 0 (Terpenes) 0 (Cyclohexenes) 0 (Bicyclic Monoterpenes) 4MS8VHZ1HJ (beta-pinene) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260302 Date Completed: 20260730 Latest Revision: 20260730 |
| Update Code: | 20260731 |
| DOI: | 10.1055/a-2809-7206 |
| PMID: | 41771297 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1439-0221 |
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| DOI: | 10.1055/a-2809-7206 |