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Crude extract of cyanobacterium (Radiocystis fernandoi) triggers primary osmoregulatory impairment in the gills of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
Τίτλος: Crude extract of cyanobacterium (Radiocystis fernandoi) triggers primary osmoregulatory impairment in the gills of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).
Συγγραφείς: M A M S; Laboratory of Zoophysiology and Comparative Biochemistry, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil., P G P; Laboratory of Zoophysiology and Comparative Biochemistry, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil., J P S C; Laboratory of Comparative Animal Morphophysiology, Center of Integrated Sciences, Federal University of Northern Tocantins, Araguaína, Tocantins, Brazil., A G; Department of Botany, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil., M N F; Laboratory of Zoophysiology and Comparative Biochemistry, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil., M G P; Laboratory of Comparative Animal Morphophysiology, Center of Integrated Sciences, Federal University of Northern Tocantins, Araguaína, Tocantins, Brazil. marcelo.paulino@ufnt.edu.br.
Πηγή: Ecotoxicology (London, England) [Ecotoxicology] 2026 Feb 28; Vol. 35 (4). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Feb 28.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Kluwer Academic Publishers Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9885956 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1573-3017 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09639292 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Ecotoxicology Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: 1999- : Boston : Kluwer Academic Publishers
Original Publication: London : Chapman & Hall
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Gills*/drug effects , Gills*/physiology , Microcystins*/toxicity , Cichlids*/physiology , Osmoregulation*/drug effects , Cyanobacteria*/chemistry , Water Pollutants, Chemical*/toxicity , Complex Mixtures*/toxicity, Marine Toxins/toxicity ; Animals ; Brazil
Περίληψη: Eutrophication, driven by microalgae proliferation, promotes the production of microcystins (MC), posing global risks to the environment and public health. In Brazil, the species Radiocystis fernandoi commonly produces variants such as MC-RR and MC-YR. However, most toxicological studies still emphasize the isolated hepatoxicity of the MC-LR variant, with limited data on the toxicity of other variants or water exposure of the entire cellular contents released during cyanobacterial lysis. This study assessed acute (12 h and 96 h) effects of waterborne exposure to a crude extract (CE) of R. fernandoi R28 containing MC-RR and YR mostly (10 µg MC-LReq L⁻¹) on juvenile Oreochromis niloticus, focusing on gill osmoregulation and gill and liver tissue integrity. Gill alterations included mucous cell proliferation (12 h) and epithelial disruption with pillar cell changes (96 h), increasing the organ index at 96 h. Plasma chloride decreased at both times, accompanied by a transient rise in branchial carbonic anhydrase activity and lamellar ionocyte abundance at 12 h. Hepatic phosphatase PP1/PP2A, plasmatic acid phosphatase, plasmatic alkaline phosphatase and liver histology remained unaffected. These results show that aqueous exposure to R. fernandoi CE induces acute osmoregulatory impairment, potential disturbances in acid–base regulation, and structural damage in the gills of O. niloticus, even without evident hepatotoxicity. This highlights the gills as a relevant target for less-studied MC congeners and emphasizes the toxicological risks associated with waterborne exposure in eutrophic environments.
Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval: This study was approved by University Federal of São Carlos Animal Ethics Committee (process 039/2014). Conflict of interests: The authors declare no competing interests..
References: J Exp Biol. 1995;198(Pt 9):1883-94. (PMID: 9319795)
Arch Toxicol. 2016 May;90(5):1129-39. (PMID: 26055554)
Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2006 Nov;144(3):216-27. (PMID: 17045849)
J Comp Physiol B. 2024 Oct;194(5):645-662. (PMID: 38761226)
J Exp Biol. 2011 Jul 15;214(Pt 14):2435-42. (PMID: 21697436)
J Exp Biol. 2022 Jan 15;225(2):. (PMID: 35005768)
Arch Toxicol. 2022 Nov;96(11):2829-2863. (PMID: 35997789)
Toxins (Basel). 2025 Jun 11;17(6):. (PMID: 40559874)
Toxics. 2023 Jan 25;11(2):. (PMID: 36850993)
Harmful Algae. 2021 Nov;109:102106. (PMID: 34815019)
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Jun 15;929:172620. (PMID: 38642748)
Biology (Basel). 2025 Jan 23;14(2):. (PMID: 40001883)
Microbiol Res. 2012 Jul 25;167(7):413-21. (PMID: 22459249)
Ambio. 2021 Apr;50(4):733-738. (PMID: 33537965)
Hum Mol Genet. 2005 Aug 1;14(15):2091-8. (PMID: 15961414)
Physiology (Bethesda). 2023 Jul 1;38(4):0. (PMID: 36917964)
Methods Mol Biol. 1994;32:9-15. (PMID: 7951753)
BMC Genomics. 2022 Jul 30;23(1):545. (PMID: 35907798)
Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2024 Sep;295:111669. (PMID: 38806110)
J Comp Physiol B. 2015 Oct;185(7):767-81. (PMID: 26219611)
Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248-54. (PMID: 942051)
Toxins (Basel). 2021 Feb 27;13(3):. (PMID: 33673481)
Nat Toxins. 1999;7(6):377-85. (PMID: 11122533)
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2020 May;39(5):1041-1051. (PMID: 32102115)
J Hazard Mater. 2016 Jan 15;301:381-99. (PMID: 26521084)
J Exp Biol. 1989 May;143:475-92. (PMID: 2543729)
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2019 May 30;173:436-443. (PMID: 30798187)
Antioxidants (Basel). 2025 Feb 28;14(3):. (PMID: 40227293)
Water Res. 2001 Sep;35(13):3049-56. (PMID: 11487099)
Aquat Toxicol. 2019 Nov;216:105315. (PMID: 31561138)
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2017 Mar;36(3):576-600. (PMID: 27808448)
Fish Physiol Biochem. 2013 Oct;39(5):1309-21. (PMID: 23504082)
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2023 Feb;251:114542. (PMID: 36638564)
Comp Biochem Physiol C Pharmacol Toxicol Endocrinol. 1999 Jan;122(1):121-9. (PMID: 10190036)
Aquat Toxicol. 2017 Jan;182:91-101. (PMID: 27886582)
Chemosphere. 2012 Jan;86(1):1-7. (PMID: 21925696)
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Jun 25;931:172689. (PMID: 38692315)
Toxins (Basel). 2021 Oct 29;13(11):. (PMID: 34822549)
J Exp Biol. 2020 Apr 1;223(Pt 7):. (PMID: 32127382)
Aquat Toxicol. 2013 Jan 15;126:180-90. (PMID: 23220410)
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Aquatic toxicology; Carbonic anhydrase; Crude extract; Cyanobacterium; Eutrophication; Gill ionocytes
Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Microcystins)
0 (Marine Toxins)
0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
0 (Complex Mixtures)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260228 Date Completed: 20260627 Latest Revision: 20260920
Update Code: 20260920
PubMed Central ID: PMC12950070
DOI: 10.1007/s10646-026-03049-0
PMID: 41762321
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: Crude extract of cyanobacterium (Radiocystis fernandoi) triggers primary osmoregulatory impairment in the gills of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22M+A+M+S%22">M A M S</searchLink>; Laboratory of Zoophysiology and Comparative Biochemistry, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22P+G+P%22">P G P</searchLink>; Laboratory of Zoophysiology and Comparative Biochemistry, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22J+P+S+C%22">J P S C</searchLink>; Laboratory of Comparative Animal Morphophysiology, Center of Integrated Sciences, Federal University of Northern Tocantins, Araguaína, Tocantins, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22A+G%22">A G</searchLink>; Department of Botany, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22M+N+F%22">M N F</searchLink>; Laboratory of Zoophysiology and Comparative Biochemistry, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22M+G+P%22">M G P</searchLink>; Laboratory of Comparative Animal Morphophysiology, Center of Integrated Sciences, Federal University of Northern Tocantins, Araguaína, Tocantins, Brazil. marcelo.paulino@ufnt.edu.br.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%229885956%22">Ecotoxicology (London, England)</searchLink> [Ecotoxicology] 2026 Feb 28; Vol. 35 (4). <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Feb 28.
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  Data: <i>Publication</i>: 1999- : Boston : Kluwer Academic Publishers<br /><i>Original Publication</i>: London : Chapman & Hall
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Gills%22">Gills*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Gills+drug+effects%22">drug effects</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Gills%22">Gills*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Gills+physiology%22">physiology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Microcystins%22">Microcystins*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Microcystins+toxicity%22">toxicity</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Cichlids%22">Cichlids*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Cichlids+physiology%22">physiology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Osmoregulation%22">Osmoregulation*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Osmoregulation+drug+effects%22">drug effects</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Cyanobacteria%22">Cyanobacteria*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Cyanobacteria+chemistry%22">chemistry</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Water+Pollutants%2C+Chemical%22">Water Pollutants, Chemical*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Water+Pollutants%2C+Chemical+toxicity%22">toxicity</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Complex+Mixtures%22">Complex Mixtures*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Complex+Mixtures+toxicity%22">toxicity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Marine+Toxins%22">Marine Toxins</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Marine+Toxins+toxicity%22">toxicity</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Animals%22">Animals</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Brazil%22">Brazil</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Eutrophication, driven by microalgae proliferation, promotes the production of microcystins (MC), posing global risks to the environment and public health. In Brazil, the species Radiocystis fernandoi commonly produces variants such as MC-RR and MC-YR. However, most toxicological studies still emphasize the isolated hepatoxicity of the MC-LR variant, with limited data on the toxicity of other variants or water exposure of the entire cellular contents released during cyanobacterial lysis. This study assessed acute (12 h and 96 h) effects of waterborne exposure to a crude extract (CE) of R. fernandoi R28 containing MC-RR and YR mostly (10 µg MC-LReq L⁻¹) on juvenile Oreochromis niloticus, focusing on gill osmoregulation and gill and liver tissue integrity. Gill alterations included mucous cell proliferation (12 h) and epithelial disruption with pillar cell changes (96 h), increasing the organ index at 96 h. Plasma chloride decreased at both times, accompanied by a transient rise in branchial carbonic anhydrase activity and lamellar ionocyte abundance at 12 h. Hepatic phosphatase PP1/PP2A, plasmatic acid phosphatase, plasmatic alkaline phosphatase and liver histology remained unaffected. These results show that aqueous exposure to R. fernandoi CE induces acute osmoregulatory impairment, potential disturbances in acid–base regulation, and structural damage in the gills of O. niloticus, even without evident hepatotoxicity. This highlights the gills as a relevant target for less-studied MC congeners and emphasizes the toxicological risks associated with waterborne exposure in eutrophic environments.
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Competing Interests
  Group: Ab
  Data: Declarations. Ethics approval: This study was approved by University Federal of São Carlos Animal Ethics Committee (process 039/2014). Conflict of interests: The authors declare no competing interests..
– Name: Ref
  Label: References
  Group: RefInfo
  Data: J Exp Biol. 1995;198(Pt 9):1883-94. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%229319795%22">9319795)</searchLink><br />Arch Toxicol. 2016 May;90(5):1129-39. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2226055554%22">26055554)</searchLink><br />Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2006 Nov;144(3):216-27. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2217045849%22">17045849)</searchLink><br />J Comp Physiol B. 2024 Oct;194(5):645-662. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238761226%22">38761226)</searchLink><br />J Exp Biol. 2011 Jul 15;214(Pt 14):2435-42. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2221697436%22">21697436)</searchLink><br />J Exp Biol. 2022 Jan 15;225(2):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235005768%22">35005768)</searchLink><br />Arch Toxicol. 2022 Nov;96(11):2829-2863. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235997789%22">35997789)</searchLink><br />Toxins (Basel). 2025 Jun 11;17(6):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240559874%22">40559874)</searchLink><br />Toxics. 2023 Jan 25;11(2):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236850993%22">36850993)</searchLink><br />Harmful Algae. 2021 Nov;109:102106. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234815019%22">34815019)</searchLink><br />Sci Total Environ. 2024 Jun 15;929:172620. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238642748%22">38642748)</searchLink><br />Biology (Basel). 2025 Jan 23;14(2):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240001883%22">40001883)</searchLink><br />Microbiol Res. 2012 Jul 25;167(7):413-21. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2222459249%22">22459249)</searchLink><br />Ambio. 2021 Apr;50(4):733-738. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233537965%22">33537965)</searchLink><br />Hum Mol Genet. 2005 Aug 1;14(15):2091-8. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2215961414%22">15961414)</searchLink><br />Physiology (Bethesda). 2023 Jul 1;38(4):0. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236917964%22">36917964)</searchLink><br />Methods Mol Biol. 1994;32:9-15. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%227951753%22">7951753)</searchLink><br />BMC Genomics. 2022 Jul 30;23(1):545. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235907798%22">35907798)</searchLink><br />Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2024 Sep;295:111669. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238806110%22">38806110)</searchLink><br />J Comp Physiol B. 2015 Oct;185(7):767-81. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2226219611%22">26219611)</searchLink><br />Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248-54. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%22942051%22">942051)</searchLink><br />Toxins (Basel). 2021 Feb 27;13(3):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233673481%22">33673481)</searchLink><br />Nat Toxins. 1999;7(6):377-85. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2211122533%22">11122533)</searchLink><br />Environ Toxicol Chem. 2020 May;39(5):1041-1051. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232102115%22">32102115)</searchLink><br />J Hazard Mater. 2016 Jan 15;301:381-99. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2226521084%22">26521084)</searchLink><br />J Exp Biol. 1989 May;143:475-92. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%222543729%22">2543729)</searchLink><br />Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2019 May 30;173:436-443. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230798187%22">30798187)</searchLink><br />Antioxidants (Basel). 2025 Feb 28;14(3):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240227293%22">40227293)</searchLink><br />Water Res. 2001 Sep;35(13):3049-56. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2211487099%22">11487099)</searchLink><br />Aquat Toxicol. 2019 Nov;216:105315. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231561138%22">31561138)</searchLink><br />Environ Toxicol Chem. 2017 Mar;36(3):576-600. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227808448%22">27808448)</searchLink><br />Fish Physiol Biochem. 2013 Oct;39(5):1309-21. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2223504082%22">23504082)</searchLink><br />Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2023 Feb;251:114542. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236638564%22">36638564)</searchLink><br />Comp Biochem Physiol C Pharmacol Toxicol Endocrinol. 1999 Jan;122(1):121-9. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2210190036%22">10190036)</searchLink><br />Aquat Toxicol. 2017 Jan;182:91-101. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227886582%22">27886582)</searchLink><br />Chemosphere. 2012 Jan;86(1):1-7. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2221925696%22">21925696)</searchLink><br />Sci Total Environ. 2024 Jun 25;931:172689. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238692315%22">38692315)</searchLink><br />Toxins (Basel). 2021 Oct 29;13(11):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234822549%22">34822549)</searchLink><br />J Exp Biol. 2020 Apr 1;223(Pt 7):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232127382%22">32127382)</searchLink><br />Aquat Toxicol. 2013 Jan 15;126:180-90. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2223220410%22">23220410)</searchLink>
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  Data: <i>Keywords: </i>Aquatic toxicology; Carbonic anhydrase; Crude extract; Cyanobacterium; Eutrophication; Gill ionocytes
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    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Marine Toxins toxicity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Animals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Brazil
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      – TitleFull: Crude extract of cyanobacterium (Radiocystis fernandoi) triggers primary osmoregulatory impairment in the gills of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).
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