Academic Journal
Προβολή σε EDS
Συνδεδεμένο Πλήρες Κείμενο

Late-adolescent weight categories and early kidney disease in young adulthood: a nationwide study of Arab and Jewish Israelis.

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
Τίτλος: Late-adolescent weight categories and early kidney disease in young adulthood: a nationwide study of Arab and Jewish Israelis.
Συγγραφείς: Treister-Goltzman Y; Department of Family Medicine and Siaal Research Center for Family Practice and Primary Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, The Haim Doron Division of Community Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel. yuliatr@walla.com.; Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel. yuliatr@walla.com.
Πηγή: Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) [Pediatr Nephrol] 2026 Jul; Vol. 41 (7), pp. 2131-2143. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Feb 23.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Springer International Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 8708728 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1432-198X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0931041X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Pediatr Nephrol Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: Berlin : Springer International
Original Publication: Berlin : Springer International, c1987-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Arabs*/statistics & numerical data , Jews*/statistics & numerical data , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic*/epidemiology , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic*/ethnology , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic*/etiology , Pediatric Obesity*/complications , Pediatric Obesity*/epidemiology , Pediatric Obesity*/ethnology, Israel/epidemiology ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Retrospective Studies ; Male ; Young Adult ; Female ; Risk Factors ; Incidence ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Adult ; Body Weight
Περίληψη: Background: Previous reports have demonstrated that childhood obesity is associated with early chronic kidney disease. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between weight categories in late adolescence and early chronic kidney disease (CKD) during young adulthood (age 30 years and younger) in individuals of Jewish and Arab ethnicity in Israel, on a nationwide level.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 102,902 adolescents aged 17-19 years - 47,892 of Jewish ethnicity and 53,492 of Arab ethnicity, born between 1988 and 1992 and insured by Clalit Health Services. Early CKD was defined when two urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio tests showed ≥ 30 mg/g within six months of an eGFR test ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2.
Results: The incidence (95% CI) of early CKD was higher among adolescents of Arab than of Jewish ethnicity at 52.3 (46.7-58.4) and 34.6 (29.8-39.9) cases per 105 person-years, respectively. The risk for early CKD grew progressively, in adjusted to socio-economic variables models, increasing to HRs (95% CI) of 14.63 (8.86-24.15), and 9.75 (5.35-17.78) in the 'class 3 obesity' category among individuals of Arab and Jewish ethnicity, respectively. Sensitivity analyses among participants who had at least one microalbumin-creatinine ratio test and among participants who didn't develop hypertension and diabetes mellitus during follow-up showed similar patterns.
Conclusions: The findings emphasize the necessity of actions designed to decrease the prevalence of adolescent overweight and obesity, especially in the Arab ethnic minority in Israel. Adolescents with obesity should be monitored closely for signs of early CKD.
(© 2026. The Author(s).)
Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval: The study was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. The Ethics Committee of Clalit Health Services approved the study (approval #0102–22-COM1, date: December 11, 2022) and exempted it from the requirement to obtain informed consent. Consent to participate: The Ethics Committee that approved the study also exempted it from the requirement to obtain informed consent. Consent to publish: Not applicable. Competing interests: The author has no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
References: Horesh A, Tsur AM, Bardugo A, Twig G (2021) Adolescent and childhood obesity and excess morbidity and mortality in young adulthood-a systematic review. Curr Obes Rep 10:301–310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-021-00439-9. (PMID: 10.1007/s13679-021-00439-933950400)
Pinhas-Hamiel O, Bardugo A, Reichman B, Derazne E, Landau Z, Tokatly Latzer I, Lerner-Geva L, Rotschield J, Tzur D, Ben-Zvi D, Afek A, Twig G (2022) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and obesity: a national study of 1.1 million Israeli adolescents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 107:e1434–e1443. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgab846. (PMID: 10.1210/clinem/dgab84634850003)
Weihrauch-Bluher S, Schwarz P, Klusmann JH (2019) Childhood obesity: increased risk for cardiometabolic disease and cancer in adulthood. Metabolism 92:147–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2018.12.001. (PMID: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.12.00130529454)
Treister-Goltzman Y, Nemet D, Menashe I (2024) The association of weight categories in adolescence with cardiovascular morbidity in young adult Israeli Arabs-a nationwide study. J Clin Med 13:5382. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13185382. (PMID: 10.3390/jcm131853823933686911432042)
Zloof Y, Nitecki M, Simchoni M, Adar O, Tsur AM, Derazne E, Tzur D, Rotschield J, Braun M, Pinhas-Hamiel O, Fliss Isakov N, Milloh-Raz H, Nemet D, Dicker D, Moyal A, Scheuerman O, Beer Z, Braun M, Afek A, Gerstein HC, Batty GD, Chodick G, Twig G (2025) Overweight and obesity among Israeli adolescents and the risk for serious morbidity in early young adulthood: a nationwide retrospective cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 13:97–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(24)00287-0. (PMID: 10.1016/S2213-8587(24)00287-039557052)
Treister-Goltzman Y, Menashe I, Nemet D (2025) Adolescent obesity and Charlson comorbidity index in young adults. J Clin Med 14:873. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14030873. (PMID: 10.3390/jcm140308733994154311818213)
Medynska A, Chrzanowska J, Zubkiewicz-Kucharska A, Zwolinska D (2024) New markers of early kidney damage in children and adolescents with simple obesity. Int J Mol Sci 25:10769. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910769. (PMID: 10.3390/ijms2519107693940909811476514)
Jiang Z, Wang Y, Zhao X, Cui H, Han M, Ren X, Gang X, Wang G (2023) Obesity and chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 324:E24–E41. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00179.2022. (PMID: 10.1152/ajpendo.00179.202236383637)
Vivante A, Golan E, Tzur D, Leiba A, Tirosh A, Skorecki K, Calderon-Margalit R (2012) Body mass index in 1.2 million adolescents and risk for end-stage renal disease. Arch Intern Med 172:1644–1650. https://doi.org/10.1001/2013.jamainternmed.85. (PMID: 10.1001/2013.jamainternmed.85231085884941233)
Tsur AM, Akavian I, Landau R, Derazne E, Tzur D, Vivante A, Grossman E, Rotem RS, Fishman B, Pinhas-Hamiel O, Afek A, Coresh J, Chodick G, Twig G (2024) Adolescent body mass index and early chronic kidney disease in young adulthood. JAMA Pediatr 178:142–150. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.5420. (PMID: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.54203807915910714283)
Romagnani P, Agarwal R, Chan JCN, Levin A, Kalyesubula R, Karam S, Nangaku M, Rodriguez-Iturbe B, Anders HJ (2025) Chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Dis Primers 11:8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-024-00589-9. (PMID: 10.1038/s41572-024-00589-939885176)
Francis A, Harhay MN, Ong ACM, Tummalapalli SL, Ortiz A, Fogo AB, Fliser D, Roy-Chaudhury P, Fontana M, Nangaku M, Wanner C, Malik C, Hradsky A, Adu D, Bavanandan S, Cusumano A, Sola L, Ulasi I, Jha V, American Society of Nephrology, European Renal Association, International Society of Nephrology (2024) Chronic kidney disease and the global public health agenda: an international consensus. Nat Rev Nephrol 20:473–485. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41581-024-00820-6. (PMID: 10.1038/s41581-024-00820-638570631)
Li Z, He R, Wang Y, Qu Z, Liu J, Yu R, Yang S (2025) Global trends of chronic kidney disease from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021. BMC Nephrol 26:385. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-025-04309-7. (PMID: 10.1186/s12882-025-04309-74066018012257723)
Yaqoob K, Naderi H, Thomson RJ, Aksentijevic D, Jensen MT, Munroe PB, Petersen SE, Aung N, Yaqoob MM (2025) Prognostic impact of albuminuria in early-stage chronic kidney disease on cardiovascular outcomes: a cohort study. Heart 111:506–512. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2024-324988. (PMID: 10.1136/heartjnl-2024-3249883983759612171504)
Collaboration NCDRF (2024) Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet 403:1027–1050. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02750-2. (PMID: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02750-2)
Israel Ministry of Health (2018) National Health Survey in Israel, INHIS-4, Selected Findings 2018–2020. https://www.gov.il/he/pages/inhis-4-2019 . Accessed 12 August 2007.
Friedemann C, Heneghan C, Mahtani K, Thompson M, Perera R, Ward AM (2012) Cardiovascular disease risk in healthy children and its association with body mass index: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 345:e4759. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e4759. (PMID: 10.1136/bmj.e4759230150323458230)
Qiu Z, Liu Z, Zhang N, Fan F, Weng H, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Li J (2025) Association between early age body mass index and the risk of adulthood cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Obes (Lond) 49:766–775. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-024-01710-4. (PMID: 10.1038/s41366-024-01710-439815083)
Haber M, Gauguier D, Youhanna S, Patterson N, Moorjani P, Botigué LR, Platt DE, Matisoo-Smith E, Soria-Hernanz DF, Wells RS, Bertranpetit J, Tyler-Smith C, Comas D, Zalloua PA (2013) Genome-wide diversity in the levant reveals recent structuring by culture. PLoS Genet 9:e1003316. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.100331620. (PMID: 10.1371/journal.pgen.100331620234686483585000)
Nebel A, Filon D, Brinkmann B, Majumder PP, Faerman M, Oppenheim A (2001) The Y chromosome pool of Jews as part of the genetic landscape of the Middle East. Am J Hum Genet 69:1095–1112. https://doi.org/10.1086/324070. (PMID: 10.1086/324070115731631274378)
Daoud N, Soskolne V, Mindell JS, Roth MA, Manor O (2018) Ethnic inequalities in health between Arabs and Jews in Israel: the relative contribution of individual-level factors and the living environment. Int J Public Health 63:313–323. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-017-1065-3. (PMID: 10.1007/s00038-017-1065-329273838)
Treister-Goltzman Y, Nemet D, Menashe I (2024) Associations of adolescent obesity with hypertension, diabetes mellitus and polycystic ovaries in Arabs and Jews in Israel-a nationwide study. Front Public Health 12:1443756. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1443756. (PMID: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.14437563972665611669581)
Treister-Goltzman Y, Menashe I, Nemet D (2025) Association of adolescent obesity with anxiety, depression and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the Arab population in Israel - a nationwide study. J Affect Disord 369:71–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2024.09.153. (PMID: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.09.15339321983)
Levey AS, Eckardt KU, Dorman NM, Christiansen SL, Hoorn EJ, Ingelfinger JR, Inker LA, Levin A, Mehrotra R, Palevsky PM, Perazella MA, Tong A, Allison SJ, Bockenhauer D, Briggs JP, Bromberg JS, Davenport A, Feldman HI, Fouque D, Gansevoort RT, Gill JS, Greene EL, Hemmelgarn BR, Kretzler M, Lambie M, Lane PH, Laycock J, Leventhal SE, Mittelman M, Morrissey P, Ostermann M, Rees L, Ronco P, Schaefer F, St Clair Russell J, Vinck C, Walsh SB, Weiner DE, Cheung M, Jadoul M, Winkelmayer WC (2020) Nomenclature for kidney function and disease: report of a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) consensus conference. Kidney Int 97:1117–1129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2020.02.010. (PMID: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.02.01032409237)
Kumar RS, Dalton RN, Marcovecchio ML (2026) Which glomerular filtration rate estimation equations should be used in youth with type 1 diabetes? Pediatr Nephrol 41:801–808. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-025-07057-w. (PMID: 10.1007/s00467-025-07057-w41240096)
Goldstein A, Haelyon U, Krolik E, Sack J (2001) Comparison of body weight and height of Israeli schoolchildren with the Tanner and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts. Pediatrics 108:E108. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.108.6.e108. (PMID: 10.1542/peds.108.6.e10811731635)
Treister-Goltzman Y, Peleg R (2023) The physician shortage in Israel and a policy proposal for improvement. Isr J Health Policy Res 12:2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13584-023-00552-1. (PMID: 10.1186/s13584-023-00552-1367931119931442)
Clarfield AM, Manor O, Nun GB, Shvarts S, Azzam ZS, Afek A, Basis F, Israeli A (2017) Health and health care in Israel: an introduction. Lancet 389:2503–2513. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30636-0. (PMID: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30636-028495109)
Keshet Y, Popper-Giveon A (2018) Patient demands for ethnic-based separation in public hospitals in Israel: patients’ and practitioners’ perspectives. Isr J Health Policy Res 7:44. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13584-018-0237-9. (PMID: 10.1186/s13584-018-0237-9304289276236991)
Saban M, Myers V, Peretz G, Avni S, Wilf-Miron R (2021) COVID-19 morbidity in an ethnic minority: changes during the first year of the pandemic. Public Health 198:238–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2021.07.018. (PMID: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.07.018344878678437684)
Bishara H, Cohen H, Hadar D, Specktor P (2025) Ethnic differences in dementia diagnosis and treatment in Israel. J Clin Med 14:5926. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14175926. (PMID: 10.3390/jcm141759264094368612429298)
Zelingher J, Ash N (2013) Data coding in the Israeli healthcare system - do choices provide the answers to our system’s needs? Harefuah 152:267–309. (PMID: 23885449)
Baker-Smith CM, Yang W, McDuffie MJ, Nescott EP, Wolf BJ, Wu CH, Zhang Z, Akins RE (2023) Association of area deprivation with primary hypertension diagnosis among youth Medicaid recipients in Delaware. JAMA Netw Open 6:e233012. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.3012. (PMID: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.30123692039310018318)
Teixeira PL, Wei WQ, Cronin RM, Mo H, VanHouten JP, Carroll RJ, LaRose E, Bastarache LA, Rosenbloom ST, Edwards TL, Roden DM, Lasko TA, Dart RA, Nikolai AM, Peissig PL, Denny JC (2017) Evaluating electronic health record data sources and algorithmic approaches to identify hypertensive individuals. J Am Med Inform Assoc 24:162–171. https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocw071. (PMID: 10.1093/jamia/ocw07127497800)
Lawrence JM, Black MH, Zhang JL, Slezak JM, Takhar HS, Koebnick C, Mayer-Davis EJ, Zhong VW, Dabelea D, Hamman RF, Reynolds K (2014) Validation of pediatric diabetes case identification approaches for diagnosed cases by using information in the electronic health records of a large integrated managed health care organization. Am J Epidemiol 179:27–38. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwt230. (PMID: 10.1093/aje/kwt23024100956)
Wei MY, Luster JE, Chan CL, Min L (2020) Comprehensive review of ICD-9 code accuracies to measure multimorbidity in administrative data. BMC Health Serv Res 20:489. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-05207-4. (PMID: 10.1186/s12913-020-05207-4324870877268621)
Orso M, Cozzolino F, Amici S, De Giorgi M, Franchini D, Eusebi P, Heymann AJ, Lombardo G, Mengoni A, Montedori A, Ambrosio G, Abraha I (2020) Validity of cerebrovascular ICD-9-CM codes in healthcare administrative databases. The Umbria data-value project. PLoS One 15:e0227653. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227653. (PMID: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227653319184346952250)
Hojs R, Ekart R, Bevc S, Vodosek Hojs N (2023) Chronic kidney disease and obesity. Nephron 147:660–664. https://doi.org/10.1159/000531379. (PMID: 10.1159/00053137937271131)
Guldan M, Ozbek L, Topcu AU, Covic A, Kanbay M (2024) Metabolically healthy obesity and chronic kidney disease risk: exploring the dynamics. Panminerva Med 66:293–308. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0031-0808.24.05112-7. (PMID: 10.23736/S0031-0808.24.05112-738990212)
Twig G, Vivante A, Bader T, Derazne E, Tsur AM, Levi M, Goldberger N, Leiba A, Kark JD (2018) Body mass index and kidney disease-related mortality in midlife: a nationwide cohort of 2.3 million adolescents. Obesity Silver Spring 26:776–781. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22144. (PMID: 10.1002/oby.2214429498231)
Di Sessa A, Passaro AP, Colasante AM, Cioffi S, Guarino S, Umano GR, Papparella A, Miraglia Del Giudice E, Marzuillo P (2023) Kidney damage predictors in children with metabolically healthy and metabolically unhealthy obesity phenotype. Int J Obes (Lond) 47:1247–1255. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-023-01379-1. (PMID: 10.1038/s41366-023-01379-137689826)
Jolly SE, Burrows NR, Chen SC, Li S, Jurkovitz CT, Narva AS, Norris KC, Shlipak MG (2010) Racial and ethnic differences in albuminuria in individuals with estimated GFR greater than 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2): results from the Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP). Am J Kidney Dis 55:S15-22. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.09.034. (PMID: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.09.034201724443507474)
Rhee CM, You AS, Page V, Hayashida G, Kataoka-Yahiro M, Davis J, Wong LL, Narasaki Y, Kalantar-Zadeh K (2023) Racial and ethnic differences in chronic kidney disease and its risk factors among Asian-Americans and Pacific Islanders in Hawaii. Nephron 147:373–382. https://doi.org/10.1159/000527990. (PMID: 10.1159/0005279903660356110272063)
Yu YL, An DW, Chori BS, Kaleta BP, Mokwatsi G, Martens DS, Abiodun OO, Anya T, Lebek-Szatanska A, Yeh JS, Mels CMC, Latosinska A, Kruger R, Isiguzo G, Narkiewicz K, Shehu MN, Salazar M, Espeche W, Mujaj B, Brgulian-Hitij J, Olszanecka A, Wojciechowska W, Reyskens P, Rajzer M, Januszewicz A, Stolarz-Skrzypek K, Asayama K, Allegaert K, Verhamme P, Mischak H, Nawrot TS, Odili AN, the UPRIGHT-HTM investigators (2025) Racial and regional disparities in the risk of noncommunicable disease between sub-Saharan black and European white patients. J Hypertens 43:481–491. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000003930. (PMID: 10.1097/HJH.000000000000393039655600)
Morris AP, Le TH, Wu H, Akbarov A, van der Most PJ, Hemani G, Smith GD, Mahajan A, Gaulton KJ, Nadkarni GN, Valladares-Salgado A, Wacher-Rodarte N, Mychaleckyj JC, Dueker ND, Guo X, Hai Y, Haessler J, Kamatani Y, Stilp AM, Zhu G, Cook JP, Arnlov J, Blanton SH, de Borst MH, Bottinger EP, Buchanan TA, Cechova S, Charchar FJ, Chu PL, Damman J, Eales J, Gharavi AG, Giedraitis V, Heath AC, Ipp E, Kiryluk K, Kramer HJ, Kubo M, Larsson A, Lindgren CM, Lu Y, Madden PAF, Montgomery GW, Papanicolaou GJ, Raffel LJ, Sacco RL, Sanchez E, Stark H, Sundstrom J, Taylor KD, Xiang AH, Zivkovic A, Lind L, Ingelsson E, Martin NG, Whitfield JB, Cai J, Laurie CC, Okada Y, Matsuda K, Kooperberg C, Chen YI, Rundek T, Rich SS, Loos RJF, Parra EJ, Cruz M, Rotter JI, Snieder H, Tomaszewski M, Humphreys BD, Franceschini N (2019) Trans-ethnic kidney function association study reveals putative causal genes and effects on kidney-specific disease aetiologies. Nat Commun 10:29. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07867-7. (PMID: 10.1038/s41467-018-07867-7306047666318312)
Kjaergaard AD, Teumer A, Witte DR, Stanzick KJ, Winkler TW, Burgess S, Ellervik C (2022) Obesity and kidney function: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Clin Chem 68:461–472. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/hvab249. (PMID: 10.1093/clinchem/hvab249349223347614591)
Sarathy H, Henriquez G, Abramowitz MK, Kramer H, Rosas SE, Johns T, Kumar J, Skversky A, Kaskel F, Melamed ML (2016) Abdominal obesity, race and chronic kidney disease in young adults: results from NHANES 1999–2010. PLoS One 11:e0153588. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153588. (PMID: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153588272246434880194)
Gao S, Liu Y, Liu H, Lin Y, Bai P, Hou F, Lu S, Zhou S, Sun H, Ma G, Liu H, Zhang M, Cui Z, Yu P (2025) Association between obesity indexes and chronic kidney disease risk: a double-cohort prospective study in the Binhai and UK Biobank. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 16:1566011. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2025.1566011. (PMID: 10.3389/fendo.2025.15660114065540512245705)
Zeng X, Liu J, Tao S, Hong HG, Li Y, Fu P (2018) Associations between socioeconomic status and chronic kidney disease: a meta-analysis. J Epidemiol Community Health 72:270–279. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2017-209815. (PMID: 10.1136/jech-2017-20981529437863)
Poh BK, Wong JE, Norimah AK, Deurenberg P (2016) Differences in body build in children of different ethnic groups and their impact on the prevalence of stunting, thinness, overweight, and obesity. Food Nutr Bull 37:3–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/0379572115626025. (PMID: 10.1177/037957211562602526769039)
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Cardio-vascular risk factors; Childhood obesity; Early chronic kidney disease; Ethnic differences
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260223 Date Completed: 20260708 Latest Revision: 20260709
Update Code: 20260709
PubMed Central ID: PMC13197338
DOI: 10.1007/s00467-026-07197-7
PMID: 41729282
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
Περιγραφή
ISSN:1432-198X
DOI:10.1007/s00467-026-07197-7