Cannabis Marketing Restrictions and Exposure to Cannabis Marketing in Legal US Cannabis Markets: Findings From the International Cannabis Policy Study.

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
Τίτλος:	Cannabis Marketing Restrictions and Exposure to Cannabis Marketing in Legal US Cannabis Markets: Findings From the International Cannabis Policy Study.
Συγγραφείς:	Winfield-Ward L; School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada., Wadsworth E; RAND Europe, RAND Europe, Cambridge, UK.; Addiction and Mental Health Group, University of Bath, Bath, UK., Driezen P; School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada., Hammond D; School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.
Πηγή:	Drug and alcohol review [Drug Alcohol Rev] 2026 Jan; Vol. 45 (1), pp. e70106.
Τύπος έκδοσης:	Journal Article
Γλώσσα:	English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού:	Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: Australia NLM ID: 9015440 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1465-3362 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09595236 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Drug Alcohol Rev Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s):	Publication: Original Publication: Abingdon, Oxfordshire, U.K. : Carfax Pub. Co.
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH):	Marketing/legislation & jurisprudence , Advertising/legislation & jurisprudence , Cannabis*, Humans ; United States ; Adolescent ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Adult ; Young Adult ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Aged ; Media Exposure ; Legislation, Drug
Περίληψη:	Introduction: A growing number of US states have legalised adult 'recreational' cannabis. Restrictions on advertising and promotions are a key component of cannabis regulations in legal markets; however, there is little evidence on the impact of restrictions. This study examines differences in cannabis marketing exposure by the strength of marketing restrictions among US states with legal recreational sales. Methods: Data are from the International Cannabis Policy Study: repeated cross-sectional surveys conducted annually (2018-2023) with 99,132 respondents aged 16-65. The 'strength' of marketing restrictions was measured using regulatory documents in 20 states with legal recreational cannabis sales. Adjusted mixed effects logistic regression models were fitted to analyse differences in past-12 month noticing of cannabis marketing by the strength of marketing restrictions overall and within specific marketing channels. Results: People in states with low and moderate strength marketing restrictions reported similar exposure to cannabis marketing (61.4% and 61.8%, respectively). Compared to those with moderate strength restrictions, people in states with the highest strength restrictions reported the lowest exposure (53.4%: p = 0.037), with no significant differences for states with low strength restrictions (p = 0.067). Comprehensive restrictions on marketing via billboards and posters, and at sports events were associated with reductions in reported exposure to these channels. Cannabis marketing exposure was highest among people below the minimum legal age (16-20 years old; 63.0%: p < 0.001). Discussion and Conclusions: Stronger regulations may reduce exposure to marketing in states with recreational cannabis markets; however, existing regulations appear to be inadequate to prevent advertising and promotions from reaching young people. (© 2026 The Author(s). Drug and Alcohol Review published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs.)
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Grant Information:	PJT-153342 Canada CIHR
Entry Date(s):	Date Created: 20260127 Date Completed: 20260701 Latest Revision: 20260713
Update Code:	20260713
PubMed Central ID:	PMC12839791
DOI:	10.1111/dar.70106
PMID:	41591207
Βάση Δεδομένων:	MEDLINE

Περιγραφή
ISSN:	1465-3362
DOI:	10.1111/dar.70106