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Mechanistic insights into the inhibitory effect of epigallocatechin gallate on the production of virulence factors in Proteus mirabilis.

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Τίτλος: Mechanistic insights into the inhibitory effect of epigallocatechin gallate on the production of virulence factors in Proteus mirabilis.
Συγγραφείς: Xue Z; Hospital Infection Management Department, Ningde Municipal Hospital of Ningde Normal University, Ningde, China., Chen H; College of Marine Sciences, Ningde Normal University, Ningde, China., Qi Y; Clinical Laboratory, Ningde Municipal Hospital of Ningde Normal University, Ningde, China., Zeng Q; Hospital Infection Management Department, Ningde Municipal Hospital of Ningde Normal University, Ningde, China., Yan G; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ningde Municipal Hospital of Ningde Normal University, Ningde, China., Fang G; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ningde Municipal Hospital of Ningde Normal University, Ningde, China.
Πηγή: Medicine [Medicine (Baltimore)] 2026 Jan 02; Vol. 105 (1), pp. e46893.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 2985248R Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1536-5964 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00257974 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Medicine (Baltimore) Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Hagerstown, Md : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Catechin*/analogs & derivatives , Catechin*/pharmacology , Catechin*/therapeutic use , Catechin*/analogs & derivatives , Catheter-Related Infections*/drug therapy , Catheter-Related Infections*/microbiology , Proteus Infections*/drug therapy , Proteus Infections*/microbiology , Proteus mirabilis*/drug effects , Proteus mirabilis*/genetics , Proteus mirabilis*/metabolism , Proteus mirabilis*/pathogenicity , Urinary Tract Infections*/drug therapy , Urinary Tract Infections*/microbiology , Virulence Factors*/antagonists & inhibitors , Virulence Factors*/biosynthesis, Biofilms/drug effects ; Biofilms/growth & development ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/drug effects ; Hemolysin Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors ; Hemolysin Proteins/biosynthesis ; Urease/antagonists & inhibitors ; Urease/biosynthesis ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Humans
Περίληψη: This study aimed to elucidate the inhibitory effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on virulence factors of Proteus mirabilis, a primary agent in catheter-associated urinary tract infections. The antimicrobial efficacy of EGCG was evaluated using the microdilution method, and the presence of biofilms and crystal formation were visualized using Gram staining and microscopy. Biochemical assays were performed to assess the inhibitory effects of EGCG on urease and hemolysin production. Swarming motility, a key determinant of bacterial colonization and spread, was evaluated using specialized swarming assays. Furthermore, the modulation of virulence-related gene expression by EGCG was quantitatively analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR, providing insights into its molecular mechanisms of action. EGCG exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration of 94 μg/mL against P mirabilis, with a minimum bactericidal concentration of 188 μg/mL. EGCG significantly inhibited bacterial growth and hindered biofilm formation, and its inhibitory effect was positively correlated with EGCG concentration. EGCG markedly suppressed urease, hemolysin, and swarming motility, leading to notable reduction in crystal production. Furthermore, EGCG significantly downregulated the expression of virulence genes including flhB, flhD, speA, luxS, ureR, hpmA, and hpmB. EGCG demonstrated multifaceted inhibitory effects against P mirabilis, including growth, biofilm formation, crucial enzyme production, swarming motility, and inhibition of key virulence genes. These findings establish a robust experimental foundation for utilizing EGCG to treat infections induced by P mirabilis.
(Copyright © 2026 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)
Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
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Grant Information: 2023ZX708 Ningde Normal University; 2024ZX79 Ningde Normal University
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: epigallocatechin gallate; inhibiton; virulence factors
Substance Nomenclature: 8R1V1STN48 (Catechin)
BQM438CTEL (epigallocatechin gallate)
0 (Hemolysin Proteins)
EC 3.5.1.5 (Urease)
0 (Virulence Factors)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260107 Date Completed: 20260408 Latest Revision: 20260408
Update Code: 20260409
PubMed Central ID: PMC12778077
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000046893
PMID: 41496018
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
Περιγραφή
ISSN:1536-5964
DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000046893