Academic Journal
Gender Identity and Preferences in Children with Variations in Sex Development
| Τίτλος: | Gender Identity and Preferences in Children with Variations in Sex Development |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Crerand CE; Center for Biobehavioral Health, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States, Gallagher NM; Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States, Adam MP; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States; Differences in Sex Development (DSD) Program, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington, United States, Vogiatzi MG; Division of Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, McCauley E; Differences in Sex Development (DSD) Program, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States, Hansen-Moore J; Center for Biobehavioral Health, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States, Shnorhavorian M; Differences in Sex Development (DSD) Program, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington, United States; Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States, Fechner PY; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States; Differences in Sex Development (DSD) Program, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington, United States, Amies Oelschlager AE; Differences in Sex Development (DSD) Program, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States, Indyk JA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States; Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States, Jayanthi VR; Department of Pediatric Urology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States; Department of Urology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States, Umbaugh HM; Center for Biobehavioral Health, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States, Horton R; Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States, Kahn-Samuelson S; Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States, Raber G; Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States, McClinchie M; Center for Biobehavioral Health, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States, Olson KR; Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States |
| Πηγή: | Journal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology [J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol] 2026 Sep 08; Vol. 18 (3), pp. 410-421. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Dec 29. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Galenos Yayınevi Country of Publication: Turkey NLM ID: 101519456 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1308-5735 (Electronic) NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: Istanbul : Galenos Yayınevi Original Publication: Istanbul : Turkish Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Society |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Sexual Development*/physiology , Disorders of Sex Development*/psychology , Gender Identity*, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Adolescent |
| Περίληψη: | Objective: To assess gender-typed preferences and gender identity in children with and without variations in sex developments (VSDs). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 78 children with VSDs (ages 3-12; mean age=7 years; 55% White, non-Hispanic) recruited through specialty clinics in the United States and 78 children without VSDs (ages 3-13; mean age=7 years; 55% White, non-Hispanic) recruited through university-based community databases completed assessments of gender-typed toy, clothing and peer preferences, continuous and categorical measures of gender identity, and perceived similarity to boys and to girls. Results: Generally, children with and without VSDs did not differ in their gender development on 5 of 7 measures for each gender group. Children raised as girls who had VSDs had more masculine toy preferences, t(84.89)=3.421; p=0.001; d=0.698, and viewed themselves as more similar to boys, t(67.43)=2.994; p=0.004; d=0.648, than comparison children raised as girls. Boys with VSDs selected more masculine toys [t(55.17)=2.413; p=0.019; d=0.623], and responded in a more-masculine way on the continuous gender identity measure [t(38.40)=2.364; p=0.023; d=0.621], than did boys in the community comparison sample, though these effects, unlike the effects amongst girls, were not robust against corrections for multiple comparisons. Conclusion: During early and mid-childhood, VSDs were not strongly associated with differences in gender development. Future longitudinal research on the gender development of youth with VSDs is necessary, particularly as they mature into adolescence. (©Copyright 2026 by Turkish Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes / The Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology published by Galenos Publishing House.) |
| Competing Interests: | Co-author Dr. Fechner is performing industry sponsored clinical research studies using new medications in the treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia with Diurnal, Neurocrine Bioscience and Spruce Bioscience. She serves as a consultant for Neurocrine Biosciences. Maria Vogiatzi is performing industry sponsored clinical research trials for new treatments in CAH with Spruce and Neurocrine Biosciences, Adrenas therapeutics and Crinetics. She serves as a consultant for Spruce Bioscience, Crinetics and Eton Pharmaceuticals. The other authors report no conflicts of interests. |
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| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Disorders of sex development; gender identity; intersex |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20251229 Date Completed: 20260909 Latest Revision: 20260911 |
| Update Code: | 20260911 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC13554937 |
| DOI: | 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2025.2025-2-2 |
| PMID: | 41459635 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1308-5735 |
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| DOI: | 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2025.2025-2-2 |