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Mineral oil contamination along the cocoa supply chain: impact of storage and transportation in jute bags and assessment of contamination transfer into cocoa powder and cocoa butter.

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
Τίτλος: Mineral oil contamination along the cocoa supply chain: impact of storage and transportation in jute bags and assessment of contamination transfer into cocoa powder and cocoa butter.
Συγγραφείς: Moret S; Department of Agri-Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Italy. Electronic address: sabrina.moret@uniud.it., Conchione C; Department of Agri-Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Italy., Vanini R; ICAM S.p.A., Via Caio Plinio 5/7 Orsenigo (CO), Italy., Barp L; Department of Agri-Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Italy.
Πηγή: Food chemistry [Food Chem] 2025 Dec 25; Vol. 496 (Pt 3), pp. 146955. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 04.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Elsevier Applied Science Publishers Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 7702639 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-7072 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03088146 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Food Chem Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: Barking : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers
Original Publication: Barking, Eng., Applied Science Publishers.
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Cacao*/chemistry , Mineral Oil*/analysis , Food Contamination*/analysis , Dietary Fats*/analysis, Powders/chemistry ; Powders/analysis ; Chocolate/analysis ; Food Packaging/instrumentation ; Food Storage ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Transportation
Περίληψη: On-line high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) - gas chromatography (GC) analysis of 28 whole cocoa beans before and after transport in jute bags contaminated with mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOH) showed that average saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) increased from 0.9 to 9.6 mg/kg, with aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) reaching 2.3 mg/kg. On average 40 % of the MOH migrated into whole beans reached the shelled beans, with a cut-off at n-C25. Post-transport jute bags contained diverse mixtures of MOH, varying in both amount and molecular weight distribution, as well as MOAH percentage. It was estimated that MOAH n-C10-25 exceeding 220 mg/kg in new jute bags expose whole beans to contamination above 2 mg/kg. GC × GC coupled to single quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS) proved effective for detailed MOH characterization. Throughout the supply chain, MOH contamination was transferred to cocoa mass, sometimes influenced by external lubricant inputs, and partitioned into cocoa butter and powder according to fat content.
(Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Cocoa bean contamination; Jute bags; Mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH); Mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH); Multidimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC); On-line HPLC-GC
Substance Nomenclature: 8020-83-5 (Mineral Oil)
512OYT1CRR (cocoa butter)
0 (Powders)
0 (Dietary Fats)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20251108 Date Completed: 20251125 Latest Revision: 20251125
Update Code: 20260130
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.146955
PMID: 41205466
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
Περιγραφή
ISSN:1873-7072
DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.146955