Academic Journal
The Prevalence of and Inter-Relationship Between Subclinical Hikikomori and Internet Addiction in Health-Related University Students: A Network Analysis Perspective.
| Τίτλος: | The Prevalence of and Inter-Relationship Between Subclinical Hikikomori and Internet Addiction in Health-Related University Students: A Network Analysis Perspective. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | A LY; Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.; Faculty of Health, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Guangdong Province, China., Chen MY; Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, China., Jiang YY; Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, China., Huang HT; Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, China., Liu S; Department of Public Health, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, China., Ma Y; Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, China., Su Z; School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China., Cheung T; School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China., Ungvari GS; Section of Psychiatry, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia.; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia., Ng CH; Department of Psychiatry, The Melbourne Clinic and St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Richmond, VIC, Australia., Xiang YT; Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.; Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, China. |
| Πηγή: | The International journal of social psychiatry [Int J Soc Psychiatry] 2026 Jun; Vol. 72 (4), pp. 796-808. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 31. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Sage Publications Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0374726 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1741-2854 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00207640 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Soc Psychiatry Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: <2002->: London : Sage Publications Original Publication: London Avenue Publishing Co |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Internet Addiction Disorder*/epidemiology , Internet Addiction Disorder*/psychology , Students*/psychology , Students*/statistics & numerical data , Social Isolation*/psychology , Behavior, Addictive*/epidemiology, China/epidemiology ; Humans ; Female ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Universities ; Young Adult ; Prevalence ; Male ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Adult ; Internet ; Adolescent |
| Περίληψη: | Background: Hikikomori, a form of pathological social withdrawal or isolation, is increasingly recognized particularly among young people. This study examined the prevalence of subclinical hikikomori and Internet addiction and assessed their interrelationships from the perspective of network analysis among health-related university students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September to December 2023 in China. Subclinical hikikomori and Internet addiction were assessed using the 1-month version of the 25-item Hikikomori Questionnaire (HQ-25M) and the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), respectively. Expected Influence (EI) and bridge EI were used as centrality indices to characterize the structure of the symptoms of both conditions. Results: A total of 3,845 health-related university students were assessed. The prevalence of subclinical hikikomori and Internet addiction was 12.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] [11.4%, 13.4%]) and 26.4% (95% CI [25.0%, 27.8%]), respectively. The most central symptoms in this network model were "I avoid talking with other people" (HQ18), followed by "Request an extension for longer time" (IAT16) and "Academic efficiency declines" (IAT8). Additionally, "I spend most of my time alone" (HQ4), "Form new relationship" (IAT4) and "I do not like to be seen by others" (HQ11) were identified as bridge symptoms linking the communities of subclinical hikikomori and Internet addiction symptoms. Conclusion: Both subclinical hikikomori and Internet addiction were common among Chinese health-related university students. Interventions should target central and bridge symptoms of these conditions to reduce the comorbidity among at-risk university students. |
| Competing Interests: | Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Internet addiction; college students; hikikomori; network analysis |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20251031 Date Completed: 20260616 Latest Revision: 20260621 |
| Update Code: | 20260622 |
| DOI: | 10.1177/00207640251382705 |
| PMID: | 41170911 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1741-2854 |
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| DOI: | 10.1177/00207640251382705 |