Methodologies for Detoxifying Bivalves from Marine Paralytic Shellfish Toxins.

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
Τίτλος:	Methodologies for Detoxifying Bivalves from Marine Paralytic Shellfish Toxins.
Συγγραφείς:	Aderogba A; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Gambelas Campus, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal., Leal JF; Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal., Cristiano MLS; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Gambelas Campus, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.; Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
Πηγή:	Marine drugs [Mar Drugs] 2025 Oct 12; Vol. 23 (10). Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 12.
Τύπος έκδοσης:	Journal Article; Review
Γλώσσα:	English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού:	Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101213729 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1660-3397 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 16603397 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Mar Drugs Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s):	Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI, [2003]-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH):	Marine Toxins/toxicity , Marine Toxins/chemistry , Marine Toxins/isolation & purification , Shellfish Poisoning/prevention & control , Bivalvia*/chemistry, Animals ; Harmful Algal Bloom ; Humans ; Shellfish
Περίληψη:	The marine environment emerges as a key provider of food and sustainable products. However, these benefits are accompanied by numerous challenges owing to harmful algal blooms (HAB) and their associated biotoxins, which accumulate in organisms, like bivalves, threatening seafood quality. Among the various biotoxins, paralytic shellfish toxins (PST), the causative agents of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), are among the most potent, lethal, and frequently reported instances of human intoxication. Removing PST from marine system is particularly challenging because of their hydrophilicity, susceptibility to biotransformation and the potential influence of other substances naturally present in the environment. Although there are several methods applied to mitigate HAB, to the best of our knowledge there are no proven effective methods for removing PST in marine environments. Consequently, there is a need to develop efficient removal technologies, especially envisaging fast, environmentally safe, inexpensive, and readily available solutions. Having examined several proposed methods for removing PST (e.g., thermal and industrial procedures, adsorption using different materials, photodegradation, AOPs) and comparing their efficacy, this study aims to streamline the current knowledge on PST removal, identify knowledge gaps, and provide valuable insights for researchers, environmental managers, and policymakers engaged in mitigating the risks associated with PST.
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Grant Information:	2022.08181.CEECIND/CP1729/CT0002 Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia; UID/04326/2025 Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia; UID/PRR/04326/2025 Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia; LA/P/0101/2020 Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia; EAPA_0032/2022 European Commission; 619824.EMJMD Erasmus+
Contributed Indexing:	Keywords: AOPs; adsorbents; bivalves; depuration; detoxification; marine system; paralytic shellfish poisoning; photodegradation; removal
Substance Nomenclature:	0 (Marine Toxins)
Entry Date(s):	Date Created: 20251028 Date Completed: 20251028 Latest Revision: 20251030
Update Code:	20260130
PubMed Central ID:	PMC12565451
DOI:	10.3390/md23100398
PMID:	41149601
Βάση Δεδομένων:	MEDLINE

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ISSN:	1660-3397
DOI:	10.3390/md23100398