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An integrated management strategy for Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) combining chemical, physical, and biological control tactics.

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Τίτλος: An integrated management strategy for Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) combining chemical, physical, and biological control tactics.
Συγγραφείς: Xu H; Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China., Ma J; Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China., Michaud JP; Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Agricultural Research Center-Hays, Hays, KS, USA., Liu X; Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China., Li Z; Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China. Electronic address: lizhencau@cau.edu.cn.
Πηγή: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety [Ecotoxicol Environ Saf] 2025 Oct 01; Vol. 304, pp. 119163. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 02.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 7805381 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1090-2414 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01476513 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Ecotoxicol Environ Saf Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Moths*/drug effects , Moths*/parasitology , Ivermectin*/analogs & derivatives , Ivermectin*/toxicity , Insecticides*/toxicity , Pest Control, Biological*/methods , Mineral Oil*/toxicity, Larva/drug effects ; Larva/parasitology ; Ovum/drug effects ; Ovum/parasitology ; Wasps/drug effects ; Wasps/physiology ; Animals ; Female ; Male
Περίληψη: We evaluated the acute and residual toxicity of emamectin benzoate (EB) and mineral oil to the oriental fruit borer, Grapholita molesta, and its egg parasitoid, Trichogramma dendrolimi. EB exhibited high toxicity to G. molesta larvae (LC50 = 6.33 mg L-1) and adults (LC50 = 5.50 mg L-1) but low ovicidal activity (25.3 % mortality at 18.82 mg L-1). Topical application of EB caused 100 % mortality of T. dendrolimi adults, and the parasitism success of females surviving 7 d-old residues was reduced by 73.3 %. Sublethal exposure to EB (2.35 mg L-1, LC25) prolonged the preoviposition period of G. molesta by 1.3 days and reduced fecundity by 42 %. Mineral oil at 6.67 mL L-1 caused 95.4 % and 65.7 % mortality of G. molesta eggs and larvae, respectively, but also harmed T. dendrolimi (LC50 = 4.50-5.55 mL L-1), reducing parasitism and emergence by > 30 %. An integrated management strategy was developed based on these data, and considering seasonal fluctuations in the commercial availability of T. dendrolimi. We conclude that EB should target overwintered mature larvae and newly emerged G. molesta adults in early spring, when T. dendrolimi are in short supply, and be followed by a mineral oil application for egg control. EB should be applied to peak moth flights from late spring to early autumn, with releases of T. dendrolimi following ca. one week later. This strategy would capitalize on the stage-specific vulnerability of the pest to specific control tactics and use careful timing of releases to protect parasitoids, while simultaneously mitigating the evolution of resistance to EB in the pest.
(Copyright © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Compatible application; Emamectin benzoate; Mineral oil; Trichogramma dendrolimi
Substance Nomenclature: 70288-86-7 (Ivermectin)
0 (Insecticides)
HVM3G4A01W (emamectin benzoate)
8020-83-5 (Mineral Oil)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20251003 Date Completed: 20251015 Latest Revision: 20251015
Update Code: 20260130
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119163
PMID: 41043231
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
Περιγραφή
ISSN:1090-2414
DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119163