Mitigation Exposed to Cadmium Stress in Thinlip Grey Mullet (Liza ramada) By Dietary Fucoidan Derived from Sargassum muticum: Examining the Growth Performance, Immune Response, and Histopathological Alterations.

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
Τίτλος:	Mitigation Exposed to Cadmium Stress in Thinlip Grey Mullet (Liza ramada) By Dietary Fucoidan Derived from Sargassum muticum: Examining the Growth Performance, Immune Response, and Histopathological Alterations.
Συγγραφείς:	Radwan M; Marine Biology Branch, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt. MahmoudKhriy.201@azhar.edu.eg., Al Malki JS; Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia., Mohammadein A; Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia., Manaa EA; Animal and Poultry Production, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, P.O. Box 13736, Toukh, Qalyubia, Egypt., Fares M; Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt., Metwally MG; Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt., Eliraqy EZ; Biotechnology Department Research, Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Dokki, Egypt.
Πηγή:	Biological trace element research [Biol Trace Elem Res] 2026 Mar; Vol. 204 (3), pp. 1241-1256. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Aug 11.
Τύπος έκδοσης:	Journal Article
Γλώσσα:	English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού:	Publisher: Humana Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7911509 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1559-0720 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01634984 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Biol Trace Elem Res Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s):	Original Publication: [London, Clifton, N. J.] Humana Press.
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH):	Polysaccharides/pharmacology , Polysaccharides/administration & dosage , Polysaccharides/chemistry , Sargassum/chemistry , Cadmium/toxicity , Smegmamorpha/immunology , Smegmamorpha/growth & development , Smegmamorpha/metabolism, Antioxidants/metabolism ; Animals ; Dietary Supplements
Περίληψη:	The current study aimed to investigate the potential effect of dietary fucoidan extract (Fuc) from Sargassum muticum in aiding the reduction of harmful effects of cadmium (Cd) in water on the growth, blood markers, intestinal health, antioxidants, immune marker responses, and histopathological changes in grey mullet (Liza ramada). Fish (n = 240) with similar initial weight (7.33 ± 0.1 g) were allocated to the control, fish reared without Cd exposure, and the Fuc; cadmium fish group was exposed to (1 mg Cd L^-1) without Fuc. The fish were fed Fuc (1.0%) without the Cd group, and the fish were exposed to (1 mg Cd L^-1) and fed the Fuc (1.0%) group for 60 days. Control, Cd, Fuc, and Cd/Fuc were the names of the groups. The data illuminated that growth performance, survival rate, blood indices, and intestinal health were markedly improved (P ≤ 0.001) in the Fuc group, followed by Cd/Fuc and the control groups. Conversely, these indices of the Cd group displayed a significantly negative impact (P ≤ 0.001). Concurrently, antioxidant (GPx, SOD, and CAT activities) and immune, lysozyme, and phagocytic activities markedly increased (P ≤ 0.001) in the Fuc group, followed by Cd/ Fuc, control groups, and the lowest values were recorded in the Cd group. Nonetheless, the Fuc group had lower MDA levels, whereas the Cd group had higher levels. Notably, the Fuc group revealed the upregulated expression of the GPx and IL-10 genes, followed by Cd/Fuc and the control groups, and downregulated the Cd groups. Furthermore, the genes HSP70, TNF-α, and IL-1β expression markedly downregulated (P ≤ 0.001) in Fuc, followed by Cd/ Fuc and control groups. Conversely, the expression of these genes upregulated in the Cd group (P ≤ 0.001). The histological analysis displayed that the Cd group had inflammatory and abnormal tissue (gills, intestines, and liver) characteristics, whereas the fish-fed Fuc displayed intact tissue. To enhance overall welfare and protect grey mullets from the toxicity of waterborne cadmium, this study suggests adding Fuc (1.0%) to mullet diets. (© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
Competing Interests:	Declarations. Consent for Publication: Not applicable. Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Consent to Participate: All of the authors consent to participate in the study above.
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Contributed Indexing:	Keywords: Antioxidant-immune genes; Blood indices; Cadmium; Fucoidan; Intestinal health; Stress biomarkers
Substance Nomenclature:	0 (Polysaccharides) 9072-19-9 (fucoidan) 00BH33GNGH (Cadmium) 0 (Antioxidants)
Entry Date(s):	Date Created: 20250811 Date Completed: 20260316 Latest Revision: 20260316
Update Code:	20260316
DOI:	10.1007/s12011-025-04744-5
PMID:	40790005
Βάση Δεδομένων:	MEDLINE

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ISSN:	1559-0720
DOI:	10.1007/s12011-025-04744-5