Spacers and Valved Holding Chambers.

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
Τίτλος:	Spacers and Valved Holding Chambers.
Συγγραφείς:	Devadason S; Department of Pediatrics, University of Western Australia Medical School, Perth, Australia.
Πηγή:	Journal of aerosol medicine and pulmonary drug delivery [J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv] 2025 Aug; Vol. 38 (4), pp. 211-215.
Τύπος έκδοσης:	Journal Article; Review
Γλώσσα:	English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού:	Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101475057 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1941-2703 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19412711 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s):	Original Publication: Rochelle, NY : Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH):	Drug Delivery Systems/instrumentation , Metered Dose Inhalers , Inhalation Spacers*, Lung/metabolism ; Pharmaceutical Preparations/administration & dosage ; Humans ; Administration, Inhalation ; Equipment Design
Περίληψη:	Spacers, primarily valved holding chambers (VHCs), are widely used to overcome some of the problems associated with the use of pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs). These include the difficulty experienced by patients in trying to coordinate the initiation of inhalation with the actuation of the pMDI. High oropharyngeal deposition of drug, which may result in both local and systemic side effects, is also a problem. Although the variability in output from pMDIs under optimized conditions in the laboratory is low, the variability when used in clinical practice is likely to increase considerably. Hence, the dose introduced into a holding chamber may vary significantly depending on the way in which the pMDI canister is handled before it is actuated. Several studies have shown that various design factors can influence the dose delivered from a holding chamber. These include spacer volume, shape, valve design, using multiple actuations, delay between actuation and inhalation, and construction material, which affects the level of electrostatic charge accumulating on the spacer surfaces. Several spacers which are made from low or anti-static materials are now available. Recommendations for optimal use of spacers, including inhalation techniques are outlined in this chapter, and vary according to patient age and inhalation coordination capability. Efficiency of drug delivery and lung deposition are also dependent on pMDI drug formulation and the patient's anatomical and physiological characteristics.
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Contributed Indexing:	Keywords: Inhalers and accessory devices; electrostatic charge; extension devices; face mask versus mouthpiece; spacer volume
Substance Nomenclature:	0 (Pharmaceutical Preparations)
Entry Date(s):	Date Created: 20250807 Date Completed: 20250807 Latest Revision: 20260813
Update Code:	20260813
PubMed Central ID:	PMC12435187
DOI:	10.1089/jamp.2025.87987.sd
PMID:	40772815
Βάση Δεδομένων:	MEDLINE

Περιγραφή
ISSN:	1941-2703
DOI:	10.1089/jamp.2025.87987.sd