Mitigation Exposed to Acute Cadmium Stress in Nile Tilapia by Dietary Quercetin: Exploring the Growth Performance, Intestinal Health, Stress Biomarkers, and Immune Responses.

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
Τίτλος:	Mitigation Exposed to Acute Cadmium Stress in Nile Tilapia by Dietary Quercetin: Exploring the Growth Performance, Intestinal Health, Stress Biomarkers, and Immune Responses.
Συγγραφείς:	Radwan M; Marine Biology Branch, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt. MahmoudKhriy.201@azhar.edu.eg., Al Malki JS; Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia., Waheed RM; Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt., Moussa MA; Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Πηγή:	Biological trace element research [Biol Trace Elem Res] 2026 Jan; Vol. 204 (1), pp. 368-384. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jun 08.
Τύπος έκδοσης:	Journal Article
Γλώσσα:	English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού:	Publisher: Humana Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7911509 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1559-0720 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01634984 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Biol Trace Elem Res Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s):	Original Publication: [London, Clifton, N. J.] Humana Press.
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH):	Quercetin/pharmacology , Quercetin/administration & dosage , Cadmium/toxicity , Cichlids/growth & development , Cichlids/immunology , Cichlids/metabolism , Intestines/drug effects , Stress, Physiological/drug effects, Biomarkers/metabolism ; Animals ; Dietary Supplements ; Antioxidants ; Diet
Περίληψη:	The present study planned to assess the effect of dietary quercetin (DQu) on the mitigation of cadmium stress exposed to Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish with an initial weight of 7.69 ± 0.84 g were allocated to four groups (4 replicates), where fish in the control group had no cadmium (Cd) or dietary quercetin (DQu), while the second group was exposed to (1 mg/L) Cd without DQu. The third group was fed 5 g Qu kg without Cd, while the fourth group was exposed to (1 mg/L) Cd and fed DQu 5 kg for 60 days. Fish fed DQu showed significant increases (P < 0.001) in all growth indices, expressions of the IGF-1 gene, digestive enzymes, and hemato-biochemical parameters, followed by the control, then fish fed DQu, and exposure to acute Cd stress. Data showed that fish fed DQu significantly improved antioxidant and immunological indices compared to the control group and the fish group exposed to acute Cd stress. Fish fed DQu displayed up-regulated expression of the (CAT), SOD, and KEAP1 genes, while fish exposed to acute Cd stress displayed downregulated expressions of these genes. Correspondingly, fish exposed to acute Cd stress revealed up-regulated expression levels of HSP70, IL-8, and IL-1β genes. Conversely, fish fed DQu displayed downregulation in the expression levels of these genes, followed by the control, and fish subjected to acute Cd stress and fed DQu. The results of the histological study revealed that while fish fed DQu had anti-inflammatory effects, fish exposed to Cd stress displayed inflammatory and irregular characteristics. Therefore, this study suggests that adding Qu to the fish diet boosts fish growth performance and health status and reduces the toxicity of waterborne Cd in Nile tilapia, O. niloticus. (© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
Competing Interests:	Declarations. Ethical Statement: The Animal Ethics Committee of Benha University in Egypt authorized our study’s protocols, which were carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (approval number BUFVTM BUFVTM 05-04-25). Consent to Participate: All of the authors consent to participate in the study above. Consent for Publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
References:	Dawood MA, Abdo SE, El-Kassas S et al (2024) Chicken egg lysozyme enhanced the growth performance, feed utilization, up-regulated immune-related genes, and mitigated the impacts of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish Shellfish Immunol 146:109377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109377. (PMID: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.10937738228249) Wu Y, Chen L, Yan X et al (2024) The effect of copper–cadmium co-exposure and hormone remediation on the ovarian transcriptome of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fishes 9:67. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9020067. (PMID: 10.3390/fishes9020067) Emenike EC, Iwuozor KO, Anidiobi SU (2022) Heavy metal pollution in aquaculture: sources, impacts and mitigation techniques. Biol Trace Elem Res 200:4476–4492. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-021-03037-x. (PMID: 10.1007/s12011-021-03037-x34813030) Abdel-Tawwab M, Khalil RH, Younis NA et al (2024) Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplemented diets mitigate the effects of waterborne cadmium toxicity on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.): growth performance, haemato-biochemical, stress biomarkers, and histopathological investigations. Vet Res Commun 48:69–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-023-10176-0. (PMID: 10.1007/s11259-023-10176-037530964) Lee JW, Jo AH, Kang YJ et al (2024) Review of cadmium bioaccumulation in fish exposed to cadmium. Toxics 13(1):7. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13010007. (PMID: 10.3390/toxics130100073985300711769446) Elgendy MY, Ali SE, Abdelsalam M, Abd ElAziz TH et al (2023) Onion (Allium cepa) improves Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) resistance to saprolegniasis (Saprolegnia parasitica) and reduces immunosuppressive effects of cadmium. Aquacult Intern 31:1457–1481. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-022-01035-x. (PMID: 10.1007/s10499-022-01035-x) Ahmadi A, Bagheri D, Hoseinifar SH, Morshedi V, Paolucci M (2022) Beneficial role of polyphenols as feed additives on growth performances, immune response and antioxidant status of Lates Calcarifer (Bloch, 1790) juveniles. Aquaculture 552:737955. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AQUACULTURE.2022.737955. (PMID: 10.1016/J.AQUACULTURE.2022.737955) Fabrikov D, Varga ÁT, García MCV et al (2024) Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of encapsulated tea polyphenols in chitosan/alginate-coated zein nanoparticles: a possible supplement against fish pathogens in aquaculture. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31:13673–13687. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32058-x. (PMID: 10.1007/s11356-024-32058-x) Zheng C, Farag MR, Alagawany M, El-Kassas S, Azzam MM, Di Cerbo A, Wagih E (2023) Dietary supplementation of quercetin nanoparticles enhances the growth performance hematological and immunological responses and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to silver nanoparticles toxicity. Aquac Reports 33:101780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2023.101780. (PMID: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2023.101780) Mansour AT, Mahboub HH, Amen RM et al (2022) Ameliorative effect of quercetin against abamectin-induced hemato-biochemical alterations and hepatorenal oxidative damage in Nile tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus. Animals 12:3429. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12233429. (PMID: 10.3390/ani12233429364969499736238) Abdo HS, Mohammady EY, Tonsy HD, Ibrahim A, Hassaan MS (2024) The potential synergistic action of quercetin and/or Pediococcus acidilactici on Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus performance. Aquaculture 581:740353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.740353. (PMID: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.740353) Jia E, Yan Y, Zhou M, Li X, Jiang G, Liu W, Zhang D (2019) Combined effects of dietary quercetin and resveratrol on growth performance, antioxidant capability and innate immunity of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). Anim Feed Sci Tech 256:114268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114268. (PMID: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114268) Kong Y, Tian J, Niu X, Li M, Kong Y, Li R, Chen X, Wang G (2022) Effects of dietary quercetin on growth, antioxidant capacity, immune response and immune-related gene expression in snakehead fish. Channa argus Aquac Rep 26:101314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2022.101314. (PMID: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2022.101314) Zhai SW, Liu SL (2013) Effects of dietary quercetin on growth performance, serum lipids level and body composition of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Ital J Anim Sci 12(4):e85. https://doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2013.e85. (PMID: 10.4081/ijas.2013.e85) Pês TS, Saccol EMH, Londero ÉP, Bressan CA, Ourique GM, Rizzetti TM, Pretes OD, Zanella R, Baldisserotto B, Pavanato MA (2018) Protective effect of quercetin against oxidative stress induced by oxytetracycline in muscle of silver catfish. Aquaculture 484:120–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.10.043. (PMID: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.10.043) Ghafarifarsani H, Hoseinifar SH, Javahery S, Yazici M, Van Doan H (2022) Growth performance, biochemical parameters, and digestive enzymes in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fed experimental diets supplemented with vitamin C, thyme essential oil, and quercetin. Italian J Animal Sci 21(1):291302. https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2021.1965923. (PMID: 10.1080/1828051X.2021.1965923) Farag MR, Abo-Al-Ela HG, Alagawany M et al (2023) Effect of quercetin nanoparticles on hepatic and intestinal enzymes and stress-related genes in Nile tilapia fish exposed to silver nanoparticles. Biomedicines 11(3):663. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11030663. (PMID: 10.3390/biomedicines110306633697964210045288) Radwan M, Manaa EA, El-feky MMM et al (2024) Elucidating the effect of dietary neem (Azadirachta indica) on growth performance, haemato-biochemical, immunonological response, and anti-pathogenic capacity of Nile tilapia juveniles. Vet Res Commun 48:3621–3638. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-024-10497-8. (PMID: 10.1007/s11259-024-10497-839180602) Shaalan WM (2024) Hazardous effects of heavy metal pollution on Nile tilapia in the aquatic ecosystem of the Eastern Delta in Egypt. BMC Vet Res 20:585. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-024-04367-3. (PMID: 10.1186/s12917-024-04367-33973272511681675) Suleman R, Zahoor MA, Qarni MA et al (2025) Assessment of heavy metals and microbial loads in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from different farms and rivers. Sci Rep 15:5055. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87152-y. (PMID: 10.1038/s41598-025-87152-y3993428611814080) Boyd CE (1979) Water quality in warmwater fish ponds alabama agriculture experiment station. Auburn University, p 359. Behreus AS, Karber L (1953) Determination of LC50. Arch Exp Pathol Pharm 28:177. Boyd CE, Tucker CS (1998) Pond aquaculture water quality management. Springer Science and Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5407-3. El-Son MAM, Elbahnaswy S, Ibrahim I (2020) Molecular and histopathological characterization of Photobacterium damselae in naturally and experimentally infected Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). J Fish Dis 43(12):1505–1517. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13251. (PMID: 10.1111/jfd.1325132984991) Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ (1951) Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193:265–275. (PMID: 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)52451-614907713) Jiang C (1982) Activity measuring for implemental enzyme. Science and Technology Press. Worthington V (1993) Worthington enzyme manual. Enzymes and related biochemicals. Worthington Biochemical Corporation, Lakewood, 335–338. Borlongan IG (1990) Studies on the digestive lipases of milkfish, Chanos chanos. Aquaculture 89:315–325. (PMID: 10.1016/0044-8486(90)90135-A) Houstan AH (1990) Blood and circulation. In: CB, PB Moyle (eds), Methods for fish biology, schreck. American Fisheries Society, USA. Blaxhall PC, Daisley KW (1973) Routine haematological methods for use with fish blood. J Fish Biol 5:771–781. (PMID: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1973.tb04510.x) Cannon DC, Olitzby I, Inkept JA (1974) Proteins in clinical chemistry, principles and techniques, 2nd edn. Harper and Row Publishers. Reitman S, Frankel S (1957) A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases. Am J Clin Pathol 28(1):56–63. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/28.1.56. (PMID: 10.1093/ajcp/28.1.5613458125) Fawcett JK, Scott JE (1960) A rapid and precise method for the determination of urea. J Clin Pathol 13:156–159. (PMID: 10.1136/jcp.13.2.15613821779480024) Richmond W (1973) Preparation and properties of a cholesterol oxidase from Nocardia sp. and its application to the enzymatic assay of total cholesterol in serum. Clin Chem 19:1350–1356. (PMID: 10.1093/clinchem/19.12.13504757363) Fossati P, Prencipe L (1982) Serum triglycerides determined colourmetrically with an enzyme that produces hydrogen peroxide. Clin Chem 28(1):2077–2080. (PMID: 10.1093/clinchem/28.10.20776812986) Henry RJ (1964) Colorimetric determination of total protein. Clinical Chemistry. Harper and Row Publ., New York, USA, 181. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Henry+R.J.+Colorimetric+determination+of+Total+Protein:+Clinical+Chemistry+1964+Harper+and+Row+New+York+181+https://journals.ekb.eg/article_61874_34fe04ef5e60601709ca99b123e7e639.pdf. Ellis AE (1990) Lysozyme assays. Tech Fish Immunol 1:101–103. Schmidt H, Kelm M (1996) Determination of nitrite and nitrate by the Griess reaction. In: Feelisch M, Stamler JS (eds) Methods in Nitric Oxide Research. Wiley, pp 491–497. Kawahara E, Ueda T, Nomura S (1991) In vitro phagocytic activity of white-spotted char blood cells after injection with Aeromonas salmonicida extracellular products. Fish Pathol 26:213–214. (PMID: 10.3147/jsfp.26.213) Giustarini D, Dalle-donne I, Milzani A, Fanti P, Rossi R (2013) Analysis of GSH and GSSG after derivatization with n-ethylmaleimide. Nat Protoc 8:1660–1669. (PMID: 10.1038/nprot.2013.09523928499) Aebi H (1984) Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymol 105:121–126. (PMID: 10.1016/S0076-6879(84)05016-36727660) McCord JM, Fridovich I (1969) Superoxide dismutase. An enzymic function for erythrocuprein (hemocuprein). J Biol Chem 244(22):6049–6055. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)63504-5. Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K (1979) Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem 95:351–358. (PMID: 10.1016/0003-2697(79)90738-336810) Gewaily MS, Abumandour MM (2021) Gross morphological, histological and scanning electron specifications of the oropharyngeal cavity of the hooded crow (Corvus cornix pallescens). Anat Histol Embryol 50:72–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/ahe.12602. (PMID: 10.1111/ahe.1260232794280) Ghelichpour M, Mirghaed AT, Hoseinifar SH et al (2019) Expression of immune, antioxidant and stress related genes in different organs of common carp exposed to indoxacarb. Aquat Toxicol 208:208–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.01.011. (PMID: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.01.01130684893) Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD (2001) Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C (T)) method. Methods 25(4):402–408. https://doi.org/10.1006/meth.2001.1262. (PMID: 10.1006/meth.2001.126211846609) Dawood MAO, Zommara M, Eweedah NM et al (2020) Synergistic effects of selenium nanoparticles and vitamin E on growth, immune-related gene expression, and regulation of antioxidant status of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Biol Trace Elem Res 195:624–635. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-019-01857-6. (PMID: 10.1007/s12011-019-01857-631396852) Con P, Nitzan T, Slosman T, Harpaz S, Cnaani A. Peptide transporters in the primary gastrointestinal tract of pre-feeding Mozambique tilapia larva. Front Physiol, 10(808). https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00808. Hassaan MSM, Moustafa MMA, Refaat MH (2015) The influence of synbiotic on growth and expression of GH, GHR1 and IGF-I genes in Oreochromis niloticus L. Fingerlings J Fish Aquac 6:176–182. Qiang J, He J, Yang H et al (2016) The changes in cortisol and expression of immune genes of GIFT tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.) at different rearing densities under Streptococcus iniae infection. Aquacult Int 24:1365–1378. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-016-9995-y. (PMID: 10.1007/s10499-016-9995-y) Abdo SE, Gewaily MS, Abo-Al-Ela HG et al (2021) Vitamin C rescues inflammation, immunosuppression, and histopathological alterations induced by chlorpyrifos in Nile tilapia. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28:28750–28763. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12711-5. (PMID: 10.1007/s11356-021-12711-5) Xu HJ, Jiang WD, Feng L, Liu Y, Wu P, Jiang J, Kuang SY, Tang L, Tang WN, Zhang YA, Zhou XQ (2016) Dietary vitamin C deficiency depresses the growth, head kidney and spleen immunity and structural integrity by regulating NF- κB, TOR, Nrf2, apoptosis and MLCK signaling in young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Fish Shellfish Immunol 52:111–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2016.02.033. (PMID: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.02.03326944716) Jia R, Li Y, Cao L et al (2019) Anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of resveratrol on oxidative stress-induced liver damage in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 215:56–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.10.002. (PMID: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.10.00230336289) Abdo SE, El-Nahas AF, Abdelmenam S, Elmadawy MA, Mohamed R, Helal MA, El-Kassas S (2022) The synergetic effect of Bacillus species and Yucca shidigera extract on water quality, histopathology, antioxidant, and innate immunity in response to acute ammonia exposure in Nile tilapia. Fish Shellfish Immunol 128:123–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.058. (PMID: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.05835921936) Wickham H, Çetinkaya-Rundel M, Grolemund G (2024) R für Data Science: Daten importieren, bereinigen, umformen und visualisieren. O’Reilly. Jasim SA, Al-Mosawi RH, Khalikov K, Abdelbasset WK, Ahmad I, Shoukat S, et al (2024) Dietary quercetin improved growth, body composition, haematology, immunity and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Aquac Res 53(18):6910–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.16156. Pan E, Chen H, Wu X, He N, Gan J, Feng H et al (2023) Protective effect of quercetin on avermectin induced splenic toxicity in carp: resistance to inflammatory response and oxidative damage. Pestic Biochem Physiol 193:105445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105445. (PMID: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.10544537248014) Zhang S, Kim IH (2020) Effect of quercetin (flavonoid) supplementation on growth performance, meat stability, and immunological response in broiler chickens. Livest Sci 242:104286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104286. (PMID: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104286) Qi W, Qi W, Xiong D, Long M (2022) Quercetin: its antioxidant mechanism, antibacterial properties and potential application in prevention and control of toxipathy. Molecules 27:6545. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196545. (PMID: 10.3390/molecules27196545362350829571766) Pereira SA, Jesus GFA, Cardoso L et al (2019) The intestinal health of silver catfish Rhamdia quelen can be changed by organic acid salts, independent of the chelating minerals. Aquaculture 505:118–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.02.049. (PMID: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.02.049) Liu Y, Chen Q, Li Y, Bi L, Jin L, Peng R (2022) Toxic effects of cadmium on fish. Toxics 10(10):622. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10100622. (PMID: 10.3390/toxics10100622362879019608472) Xie D, Li Y, Liu Z, Chen Q (2019) Inhibitory effect of cadmium exposure on digestive activity, antioxidant capacity and immune defense in the intestine of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicol Pharmacol 222:65–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.04.012. (PMID: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.04.012) Hu F, Yin L, Dong F, Zheng M, Zhao Y, Fu S et al (2021) Effects of long-term cadmium exposure on growth, antioxidant defense and DNA methylation in juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquat Toxicol 241:106014. (PMID: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.10601434739975) Sharma S, Batoye S (2025) Srivastava N (2025) Protective efficacy of quercetin against mercury-mediated toxic impact on the hepatic-renal system of economically important food fish rohu (Labeo rohita). Aquacult Int 33:228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-025-01904-1. (PMID: 10.1007/s10499-025-01904-1) Miao Z, Miao Z, Wang S, Shi X, Xu S (2021) Quercetin antagonizes imidacloprid-induced mitochondrial apoptosis through PTEN/PI3K/AKT in grass carp hepatocytes. Environ Pollut 290:118036. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118036. (PMID: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.11803634488159) Radwan M, Moussa MA, Manaa EA et al (2024) Synergistic effect of green synthesis magnesium oxide nanoparticles and seaweed extract on improving water quality, health benefits, and disease resistance in Nile tilapia. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 280:116522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116522. (PMID: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.11652238843743) Radwan M, Alsaiad SM, Albadrani GM et al (2025) Effect of dietary egg lysozyme on improved growth performance, intestinal health, antioxidant capacity, and disease resistance in hybrid red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x O. mossambicus). Vet Res Commun 49:162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-025-10719-7. (PMID: 10.1007/s11259-025-10719-740208375) Pês TS, Saccol EMH, Ourique GM et al (2016) Quercetin in the diet of silver catfish: effects on antioxidant status, blood parameters and pituitary hormone expression. Aquaculture 458:100–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.02.020. (PMID: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.02.020) Bhattacharjee P, Borah A, Das S (2020) Quercetin-induced amelioration of deltamethrin stress in freshwater teleost, Channa punctata: multiple biomarker analysis. Comp Biochem Physiol Toxicol Pharmacol 227:108626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108626. (PMID: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108626) Armobin K, Ahmadifar E, Adineh H, Samani MN, Kalhor N, Yilmaz S, Hoseinifar SH, Van Doan H (2023) Quercetin application for common carp (Cyprinus carpio): I. Effects on growth performance, humoral immunity, antioxidant status, immune-related genes, and resistance against heat stress. Aquac. Nut. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1168262. Miltonprabu S, Tomczyk M, Skalicka-Woźniak K, Rastrelli L, Daglia M, Nabavi SF, Alavian SM, Nabavi SM (2017) Hepatoprotective effect of quercetin: from chemistry to medicine. Food Chem Toxicol 108:365–374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2016.08.034. (PMID: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.08.03427591927) Jung CH, Cho I, Ahn J, Jeon TI, Ha TY (2013) Quercetin reduces high-fat diet-induced fat accumulation in the liver by regulating lipid metabolism genes. Phytother Res 27:139–143. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.4687. (PMID: 10.1002/ptr.468722447684) Moon J, Lee SM, Do HJ, Cho Y, Chung JH, Shin MJ (2012) Quercetin up-regulates LDL receptor expression in HepG2 cells. Phytother Res 26:1688–1694. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.4646. (PMID: 10.1002/ptr.464622388943) Shin HS, Yoo JH, Min TS, Lee KY, Choi CY (2010) The effects of quercetin on physiological characteristics and oxidative stress resistance in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 23:573–579. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2010.90624. (PMID: 10.5713/ajas.2010.90624) Yan SX, Li X, Sun CD, Chen KS (2015) Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of quercetin and its glycosides. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 40(23):4560–4567. (PMID: 27141664) Jung HC, Kim JH, Kang JC (2024) Toxic impact of dietary cadmium on bioaccumulation, growth, hematological parameters, plasma components, and antioxidant responses in starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus). Fishes 9:59. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9020059. (PMID: 10.3390/fishes9020059) Lee DC, Choi YJ, Kim JH (2022) Toxic effects of waterborne cadmium exposure on hematological parameters, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, and heat shock protein 70 in juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 122:476–483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.022. (PMID: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.02235176470) Banaee M, Soltanian S, Sureda A, Gholamhosseini A, Haghi BN, Akhlaghi M et al (2019) Evaluation of single and combined effects of cadmium and micro-plastic particles on biochemical and immunological parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Chemosphere 236:124335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.07.066. (PMID: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.07.06631325830) Yang J, Liu D, Jing W et al (2013) Effects of cadmium on lipid storage and metabolism in the freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense. PLoS One 8(10):e77569. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077569. (PMID: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077569241308943795049) Awad E, Austin D, Lyndon AR (2013) Effect of black cumin seed oil (Nigella sativa) and nettle extract (quercetin) on enhancement of immunity in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Aquaculture 388:193–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.01.008. (PMID: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.01.008) Ibrahim D, Kishawy ATY, Khater SI, Khalifa E, Ismail TA, Mohammed HA et al (2021) Interactive effects of dietary quercetin nanoparticles on growth, flesh antioxidant capacity and transcription of cytokines and Aeromonas hydrophila quorum sensing orchestrating genes in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish Shellfish Immunol 119:478–489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.034. (PMID: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.03434699975) Kleemann R, Verschuren L, Morrison M, Zadelaar S, van Erk MJ, Wielinga PY, Kooistra T (2011) Anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and anti-atherosclerotic effects of quercetin in human in vitro and in vivo models. Atherosclerosis 218(1):44–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.04.023. (PMID: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.04.02321601209) Lesjak M, Beara I, Simin N et al (2018) Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of quercetin and its derivatives. J Funct Foods 40:68–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2017.10.047. (PMID: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.10.047) Palacz-Wrobel M, Borkowska P, Paul-Samojedny M et al (2017) Effect of apigenin, kaempferol and resveratrol on the gene expression and protein secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in RAW-264.7 macrophages. Biomed Pharmacother 93:1205–1212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.054. (PMID: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.05428738536) Siard MH, Mcmurry KE, Adams AA (2016) Effects of polyphenols including curcuminoids, resveratrol, quercetin, pterostilbene, and hydroxypterostilbene on lymphocyte pro-inflammatory cytokine production of senior horses in vitro. Vet Immunol Immunopatho 173:50–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.04.001. (PMID: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.04.001) Wang J, Wang K, Ding L, Zhao P, Zhang C, Wang H, Yang Z, Liu Z (2022) Alleviating effect of quercetin on cadmium-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis by activating the Nrf2-keap1 pathway in BRL-3A cells. Front Pharmacol 13:969892. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.969892. (PMID: 10.3389/fphar.2022.969892360348239403134) Aluani D, Tzankova V, Kondeva-Burdina M, Yordanov Y, Nikolova E, Odzhakov F et al (2017) Capital IE, Cyrillic valuation of biocompatibility and antioxidant efficiency of chitosan-alginate nanoparticles loaded with quercetin. Int J Biol Macromol 103:771–782. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.062. (PMID: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.06228536020) Zhou C, Lin H, Ge X, Niu J, Wang J, Wang Y (2015) The effects of dietary soybean isoflavones on growth, innate immune responses, hepatic antioxidant abilities and disease resistance of juvenile golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 43:158–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2014.12.014. (PMID: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.12.01425541076) Chen J, Chen D, Li J, Liu Y, Gu X, Teng X (2021) Cadmium-induced oxidative stress and immunosuppression mediated mitochondrial apoptosis via JNK-FoxO3a-PUMA pathway in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) gills. Aquat Toxicol 233:105775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105775. (PMID: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.10577533631492) Lushchak VI (2011) Environmentally induced oxidative stress in aquatic animals. Aquat Toxicol 101:13–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.10.006. (PMID: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.10.00621074869) Wang J, Zhang C, Zhang J et al (2020) The effects of quercetin on immunity, antioxidant indices, and disease resistance in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Fish Physiol Biochem 46:759–770. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-019-00750-2. (PMID: 10.1007/s10695-019-00750-231897859) Lee JW, Jo AH, Choi CY, Kim JH (2023) Review of cadmium toxicity effects on fish: oxidative stress and immune responses. Environ Res 236:116600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.116600. (PMID: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.11660037429393) Zhang ZW, Zheng Z, Cai JZ, Liu Q, Yang J, Gong YF, Wu M, Shen Q, Xu S (2017) Effect of cadmium on oxidative stress and immune function of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) by transcriptome analysis. Aquat Toxicol 192:171–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.09.022. (PMID: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.09.02228963925) El-Boshy M, El-Ashram A, Risha E, Abdelhamid F, Zahran E, Gab-Alla A (2014) Dietary fucoidan enhance the non-specific immune response and disease resistance in African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, immunosuppressed by cadmium chloride. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 162:168–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.10.001. (PMID: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.10.00125454084) Giri SS, Sen SS, Jun JW, Sukumaran V, Park SC (2016) Immunotoxicological effects of cadmium on Labeo rohita, with emphasis on the expression of HSP genes. Fish Shellfish Immunol 54:164–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2016.03.024. (PMID: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.03.02426994673) Li H, Di G, Zhang Y, Xue R, Zhang J, Liang J (2019) MicroRNA-155 and microRNA-181a, via HO-1, participate in regulating the immunotoxicity of cadmium in the kidneys of exposed Cyprinus carpio. Fish Shellfish Immunol 95:473–480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.010. (PMID: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.01031693945) Jiaxin S, Shengchen W, Yirong C, Shuting W, Shu L (2020) Cadmium exposure induces apoptosis, inflammation and immunosuppression through CYPs activation and antioxidant dysfunction in common carp neutrophils. Fish Shellfish Immunol 99:284–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.015. (PMID: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.01532058096) Yin J, Wang A-P, Li W-F, Shi R, Jin H-T, Wei J-F (2018) Time-response characteristic and potential biomarker identification of heavy metal induced toxicity in zebrafish. Fish Shellfish Immunol 72:309–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2017.10.047. (PMID: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.10.04729111395) Younis ESM, Abdel-Warith AWAM, Al-Asgah NA, Ebaid H, Mubarak M (2013) Histological changes in the liver and intestine of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, exposed to sublethal concentrations of cadmium. Pakistan J Zool 45(3):833–841 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259568941. Gulzar R, Riaz Z, Gillani QUA, Mehreen A, Jameel F, Nawaz R (2023) Bioaccumulation and influence of cadmium chloride on histology of muscles and gills in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). J Surv Fish Sci 10(2):992–1000. Begum SA, Hasnath M, Aziz KA (2024) Cadmium chloride induced histopathological alterations in the selected organs of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Bangladesh J. Zool 52(2):237–251. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v52i2.77285. (PMID: 10.3329/bjz.v52i2.77285) Srivastava RK, Verma M, Ratn A (2023) Histopathological anomalies in testis, ovary, muscle and heart of fish, Channa punctatus exposed with heavy metal copper sulphate. J Surv Fish Sci 10(1):3254–3261.
Contributed Indexing:	Keywords: Oreochromis niloticus; Alleviation toxicity; Cytokine response; Health condition; Intestinal enzymes; Stress biomarkers
Substance Nomenclature:	9IKM0I5T1E (Quercetin) 00BH33GNGH (Cadmium) 0 (Biomarkers) 0 (Antioxidants)
Entry Date(s):	Date Created: 20250608 Date Completed: 20260127 Latest Revision: 20260127
Update Code:	20260130
DOI:	10.1007/s12011-025-04686-y
PMID:	40484914
Βάση Δεδομένων:	MEDLINE

View record at Springer

Περιγραφή
ISSN:	1559-0720
DOI:	10.1007/s12011-025-04686-y