Application of the information-motivation-behavioral skills model to improve medication adherence among older adults with type 2 diabetes: findings from a quasi-experimental study in Kermanshah, Iran.

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Τίτλος:	Application of the information-motivation-behavioral skills model to improve medication adherence among older adults with type 2 diabetes: findings from a quasi-experimental study in Kermanshah, Iran.
Συγγραφείς:	Mirzaei-Alavijeh M; Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Health Policy and Promotion Research Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Yarmoradi S; Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Khashij S; Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Health Policy and Promotion Research Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Jalilian F; Family Health and Population Growth Research Center, Health Policy and Promotion Research Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. f_jalilian@yahoo.com.
Πηγή:	BMC geriatrics [BMC Geriatr] 2025 May 13; Vol. 25 (1), pp. 328. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 May 13.
Τύπος έκδοσης:	Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial
Γλώσσα:	English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού:	Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100968548 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-2318 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14712318 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Geriatr Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s):	Original Publication: London : BioMed Central, [2001]-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH):	Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/psychology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology , Medication Adherence/psychology , Motivation/physiology , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use, Iran/epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Information Motivation Behavioral Skills Model
Περίληψη:	Introduction: Medication adherence is crucial for effective blood sugar control in diabetes patients. However, older adults face a higher risk of non-adherence. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a theory-based program designed to enhance medication adherence among older adults with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This quasi-experimental study involved 100 elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes in Kermanshah, Iran, in 2024. Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention (50) or control group (50). The intervention group attended six 40-minute sessions over six weeks, based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) model. Data were collected via a questionnaire assessing demographics, IMB model components, and medication adherence. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16, employing chi-square tests and t-tests for comparisons, moreover, effect sizes were determined using Cohen's d. Results: The intervention group showed significant improvements, especially in "Information," with a very large effect size of 1.3 and an average change of 3.84 (p < 0.001). In contrast, the control group had minimal changes. Other components like "Attitude" and "Self-efficacy" also had large effect sizes (0.65 and 0.67). However, "Subjective Norms" showed a small effect size (0.11) with no significant changes. Additionally, the intervention group showed a significant improvement in medication adherence (effect size 1.15), increasing scores from 16.92 to 19.76, (p < 0.001) while the control group had minimal changes. Conclusion: The program based on the IMB model significantly improved medication adherence among elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes. We also identified the key theoretical methods of behavior change for each determinant of the IMB model and recommend utilizing them in the development of similar future interventions. (© 2025. The Author(s).)
Competing Interests:	Declarations. Ethical approval: The study protocol (IR.KUMS.REC.1402.530) was approved by the research ethics committee at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. All procedures followed the ethical standards of the institution, national research committee, and the 1964 Helsinki Declaration along with its amendments. Participants were provided with detailed information about the study, including procedures, confidentiality of their information, and purpose before they agreed to participate. Informed consent for participation in the study was obtained from all participants. The participants were given the participant information statement and signed the consent form. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Clinical trial number: Not applicable.
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Contributed Indexing:	Keywords: Aged; Diabetes mellitus; Health education; Medication adherence; Motivation
Substance Nomenclature:	0 (Hypoglycemic Agents)
Entry Date(s):	Date Created: 20250513 Date Completed: 20250514 Latest Revision: 20250530
Update Code:	20260130
PubMed Central ID:	PMC12070502
DOI:	10.1186/s12877-025-06000-w
PMID:	40361006
Βάση Δεδομένων:	MEDLINE

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ISSN:	1471-2318
DOI:	10.1186/s12877-025-06000-w