Trends in alcohol, MDMA, methylamphetamine and THC in injured and deceased motor vehicle drivers and motorcyclists over a decade (2010-2019) in Victoria, Australia.

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
Τίτλος:	Trends in alcohol, MDMA, methylamphetamine and THC in injured and deceased motor vehicle drivers and motorcyclists over a decade (2010-2019) in Victoria, Australia.
Συγγραφείς:	Schumann J; Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Victoria, Australia jennifer.schumann@monash.edu.; Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Di Rago M; Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Victoria, Australia.; Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Woodford N; Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Victoria, Australia.; Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Glowacki L; Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Victoria, Australia., Fitzpatrick J; Victoria Police, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Kelly M; Victoria Police, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Beck B; Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.; Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia., Drummer OH; Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Victoria, Australia.; Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Gerostamoulos D; Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Southbank, Victoria, Australia., Dipnall JF; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; School of Medicine, Deakin University Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
Πηγή:	Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention [Inj Prev] 2026 Jul 20; Vol. 32 (4), pp. 579-590. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jul 20.
Τύπος έκδοσης:	Journal Article
Γλώσσα:	English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού:	Publisher: BMJ Pub. Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9510056 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1475-5785 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 13538047 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Inj Prev Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s):	Original Publication: London : BMJ Pub. Group, c1995-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH):	Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data , Accidents, Traffic/mortality , Accidents, Traffic/trends , Driving Under the Influence/statistics & numerical data , Driving Under the Influence/trends , Automobile Driving/statistics & numerical data , Motorcycles/statistics & numerical data , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Dronabinol* , N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine* , Methamphetamine*, Victoria/epidemiology ; Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Male ; Adult ; Female ; Ethanol ; Substance Abuse Detection
Περίληψη:	Background: Driving under the influence of alcohol and other drugs contributes significantly to road traffic crashes worldwide. This study explored trends of alcohol, methylamphetamine (MA), 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), in road crashes from 2010 to 2019 in Victoria, Australia. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from the Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine and Victoria Police, examining proscribed drug detections in road crashes. Time series graphs per substance explored indicative trends and comparisons between road users. Negative binomial regression models, with robust SEs and adjusted for exposure (kilometres travelled, Victorian licence holders), modelled the incidence rate ratio, with a Bonferroni-adjusted α=0.007 for multiple comparisons. Results: There were 19 843 injured drivers and 1596 fatally injured drivers. MA had the highest prevalence (12.3% of fatalities and 9.1% of injured drivers), demonstrating an increase over time. Overall, 16.8% of car drivers and motorcyclists tested positive for one or more drugs, with 14% of crashes involving a blood alcohol concentration (BAC)≥0.05%. MA and THC were the most common drugs in fatalities. Between 2015 and 2019, MA was detected in 27.9% of motorcyclist fatalities, followed by THC (18.3%) and alcohol ≥0.05% (14.2%), with similar but lower frequencies among injured motorcyclists. Alcohol detections (≥0.05% BAC) in fatalities declined, but increased in injured motorcyclists and car drivers until plateauing in 2017. THC detections rose among injured drivers until 2018, detected in 8.1% and 15.2% of injured and fatal drivers, respectively. MDMA-positive driving decreased among injured drivers and remained stable at ~1% of fatalities. Conclusions: Despite enhanced road safety measures in Victoria, drug-driving persists, indicating a need for revised prevention strategies targeting this growing issue. (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2026. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ Group.)
Competing Interests:	Competing interests: None declared.
Contributed Indexing:	Keywords: Alcohol; Driver; Drugs
Substance Nomenclature:	7J8897W37S (Dronabinol) KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine) 44RAL3456C (Methamphetamine) 3K9958V90M (Ethanol)
Entry Date(s):	Date Created: 20250121 Date Completed: 20260720 Latest Revision: 20260720
Update Code:	20260721
DOI:	10.1136/ip-2024-045342
PMID:	39837645
Βάση Δεδομένων:	MEDLINE

Περιγραφή
ISSN:	1475-5785
DOI:	10.1136/ip-2024-045342