Academic Journal
Risk factors for COVID-19 infection, disease severity and related deaths in Africa: a systematic review.
| Τίτλος: | Risk factors for COVID-19 infection, disease severity and related deaths in Africa: a systematic review. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Gesesew HA; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia hailushepi@gmail.com.; Scool of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia., Koye DN; Department of Medicine at Royal Melbourne Hospital and Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Fetene DM; Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Woldegiorgis M; Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Kinfu Y; Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.; College of Medicine, Doha, Qatar., Geleto AB; Research Centre for Generational Health and Ageing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.; School of Public Health, Haramaya University, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Harar, Ethiopia., Melaku YA; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia., Mohammed H; Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.; Robinson Research Institute, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia., Alene KA; School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.; Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.; Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia., Awoke MA; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia., Birhanu MM; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Saint Paul's Hospital, Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Gebremedhin AT; School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.; Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia., Gelaw YA; Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.; Population Child Health Research Group, School of Women's & Children's Health, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., Shifti DM; Saint Paul's Hospital, Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.; Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia., Muluneh MD; School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Penrith South, New South Wales, Australia.; Amref Health Africa in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Tegegne TK; Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.; College of Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia., Abrha S; Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.; Department of Pharmacology, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia., Aregay AF; School of Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; School of Nursing, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia., Ayalew MB; Department of Pharmacy, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia.; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia., Gebre AK; School of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia., Gebremariam KT; Scool of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.; School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.; Lifelong Health, South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia., Gebremedhin T; Canberra School of Politics, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia., Gebremichael L; Department of Pharmacology, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.; Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia., Leshargie CT; College of Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.; School of Public Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., Kibret GD; College of Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.; Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., Meazaw MW; Research Centre for Generational Health and Ageing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia., Mekonnen AB; Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.; School of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., Tekle DY; Scool of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.; The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., Tesema AG; Scool of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.; The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., Tesfay FH; Scool of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.; School of Health and Social development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Tesfaye W; Health research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia., Wubishet BL; Research Centre for Generational Health and Ageing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia., Dachew BA; School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia., Adane AA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.; Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia. |
| Πηγή: | BMJ open [BMJ Open] 2021 Feb 18; Vol. 11 (2), pp. e044618. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Feb 18. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article; Systematic Review |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101552874 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2044-6055 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20446055 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMJ Open Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: [London] : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2011- |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | COVID-19/*epidemiology, Africa/epidemiology ; COVID-19/mortality ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Severity of Illness Index |
| Περίληψη: | Objective: The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive evidence on risk factors for transmission, disease severity and COVID-19 related deaths in Africa. Design: A systematic review has been conducted to synthesise existing evidence on risk factors affecting COVID-19 outcomes across Africa. Data Sources: Data were systematically searched from MEDLINE, Scopus, MedRxiv and BioRxiv. Eligibility Criteria: Studies for review were included if they were published in English and reported at least one risk factor and/or one health outcome. We included all relevant literature published up until 11 August 2020. Data Extraction and Synthesis: We performed a systematic narrative synthesis to describe the available studies for each outcome. Data were extracted using a standardised Joanna Briggs Institute data extraction form. Results: Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria of which four were exclusively on Africa and the remaining 11 papers had a global focus with some data from Africa. Higher rates of infection in Africa are associated with high population density, urbanisation, transport connectivity, high volume of tourism and international trade, and high level of economic and political openness. Limited or poor access to healthcare are also associated with higher COVID-19 infection rates. Older people and individuals with chronic conditions such as HIV, tuberculosis and anaemia experience severe forms COVID-19 leading to hospitalisation and death. Similarly, high burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, high prevalence of tobacco consumption and low levels of expenditure on health and low levels of global health security score contribute to COVID-19 related deaths. Conclusions: Demographic, institutional, ecological, health system and politico-economic factors influenced the spectrum of COVID-19 infection, severity and death. We recommend multidisciplinary and integrated approaches to mitigate the identified factors and strengthen effective prevention strategies. (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.) |
| Competing Interests: | Competing interests: None declared. |
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| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: epidemiology; public health; respiratory medicine (see thoracic medicine) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20210219 Date Completed: 20210225 Latest Revision: 20240806 |
| Update Code: | 20260130 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC7896374 |
| DOI: | 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044618 |
| PMID: | 33602714 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 2044-6055 |
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| DOI: | 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044618 |