Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
| Τίτλος: |
Influence of Tornado–Building Interaction on Near-Surface Wind Speeds. |
| Συγγραφείς: |
Lombardo, Franklin T.1 lombaf@illinois.edu, Moon, Sung Min1, Bodine, David2, Wienhoff, Zachary B.3, Reinhart, Anthony4, Schueth, Alex2, Yusgiantoro, Dilan1 |
| Πηγή: |
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Sep2026, Vol. 107 Issue 9, pE1993-E2017. 25p. |
| Θεματικοί όροι: |
*Flow separation, *Wind speed, *Vortex motion, *Tornado damage |
| Περίληψη: |
Terrain and topography are known to significantly influence near-surface tornado characteristics. Less is known about the interaction of tornadoes with large buildings (i.e., tornado–building interaction). Based on observations from damage surveys on buildings such as schools and hospitals, it was speculated that this interaction may change the tornado’s wind characteristics, modifying the intensity and severity of the damage. To examine tornado–building interaction, a combined observational and modeling approach was adopted with a focus on intensification of near-surface wind speeds (i.e., amplification). We carried out high-resolution simulation experiments containing a suite of building sizes and shapes. Simulations revealed that tornado–building interaction changes as a function of the ratio between tornado size and building size. A relatively large ratio shows wind speed amplifications near building corners and a broader region downstream. When the building size approaches and becomes greater than the tornado size, amplifications are smaller in size but more intense and occur immediately downstream of the building. Building aspect ratio and tornado offset distance from the building also appear to be a factor in the location and magnitude of amplifications. Mechanisms of this amplification appear to be flow separation around buildings, vorticity created from the tornado–structure interaction, and the obstruction of near-surface inflow by the buildings. Observations of damage in the vicinity of large buildings compared qualitatively well to the simulations and showed indications of amplifications in the same regions identified in the simulations. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Tornadoes cause significant damage to buildings, and impacts are well studied. Less studied is the interaction of tornadoes with large buildings. Observations of interactions through damage surveys have suggested modifications to the near-surface flow characteristics, including possible intensity increases. High-resolution simulations of idealized tornado–structure interactions assessed these modifications and were qualitatively compared to observations. Simulations and surveys suggest that tornado–building interactions alter the near-surface wind characteristics and are qualitatively comparable. Intensity increases were on the order of 20%–50% based on the simulations, likely due to the building modifying the tornadic flow. Future work will be aimed at more-realistic simulations to accurately represent damaged buildings, ultimately to improve resilience to tornadoes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: |
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