Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
| Τίτλος: |
The spatial dipole pattern of Holocene precipitation in the eastern China monsoon region and its role in driving the synchronous north-south development of Neolithic cultures and early Chinese civilization. |
| Συγγραφείς: |
Chen, Fahu1,2,3 (AUTHOR) fhchen@itpcas.ac.cn, Zhang, Zhiping4,5 (AUTHOR), Gao, Yu3 (AUTHOR), Chen, Jie1,2 (AUTHOR), Bai, Zhuangzhuang3 (AUTHOR), Chen, Shengqian2,3 (AUTHOR), Chen, Jianhui1,2 (AUTHOR), Jia, Xin4,5 (AUTHOR) jiaxin@njnu.edu.cn |
| Πηγή: |
SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences. Jul2026, p1-14. 14p. |
| Θεματικοί όροι: |
*Monsoons, *Neolithic Period, *Rice farming, *Watersheds, *Agricultural productivity, Chinese civilization |
| Γεωγραφικοί όροι: |
Yellow River (China), China, Yangtze River (China) |
| Περίληψη: |
During the mid-Holocene (8.0–4.0 ka BP), millet-based agriculture in the Yellow River basin of northern China and rice-based agriculture in the Yangtze River basin of southern China developed broadly synchronously. However, whether the spatiotemporal patterns of Holocene precipitation variability in the eastern China monsoon region (ECMR) contributed to this north-south synchronous development of early Chinese civilization remains insufficiently explored. In this study, we synthesize 14 high-quality Holocene precipitation (humidity) records and integrate them with paleoclimate simulations to investigate regional hydroclimatic patterns. The results reveal a pronounced north-south antiphase (“dipole”) pattern of precipitation variability in the ECMR during the Holocene. Specifically, during the mid-Holocene, precipitation in the Yellow River basin of northern China reached a maximum, and the region experienced relatively humid conditions, whereas both the early and late Holocene were comparatively drier. In contrast, the Yangtze River basin of southern China was relatively drier during the mid-Holocene but experienced wetter conditions in the early and late Holocene. A further synthesis of archaeological evidence indicates that both northern and southern China experienced four broadly synchronous developmental stages during the Neolithic-Bronze Age period: early agriculture, agricultural society, early polities (proto-states), and the kingdom stage, with largely consistent chronological frameworks. Based on these findings, we propose that enhanced mid-Holocene precipitation in the Yellow River basin of northern China facilitated the development of rain-fed millet agriculture. Meanwhile, reduced precipitation in the Yangtze River basin of southern China during the same period may have lowered groundwater levels, reduced surface water extent, and expanded arable land, thereby supporting the expansion of rice agriculture. The north-south precipitation dipole pattern in the ECMR thus appears to have shaped and potentially promoted the parallel evolution of northern and southern civilizations under contrasting environmental contexts. This study provides new insights into prehistoric human-environment interactions in the ECMR and offers a climatic perspective on the synchronous development of early Chinese civilization across northern and southern China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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