Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
| Τίτλος: |
Heavy Metal Levels in Maternal Blood and Breast Milk and Associated Risk Factors. |
| Συγγραφείς: |
Kaymak, Didem1,2 kaymak.didem@gmail.com, Atakol, Orhan3 atakolorhan@gmail.com, Acar, Nurcan3 acar@science.ankara.edu.tr, Öz, Sevi4 sevi.oz@hbv.edu.tr, Fındık, Rahime Bedir5 drbedir75@gmail.com, Tekin, Özlem Moraloğlu5 ozlem.moraloglu@hotmail.com |
| Πηγή: |
Maternal & Child Health Journal. Jul2025, Vol. 29 Issue 7, p962-976. 15p. |
| Θεματικοί όροι: |
*Analysis of heavy metals, *Zinc analysis, *Lead analysis, *Iron analysis, *Cadmium analysis, *Heavy metals, *Risk assessment, *Lifestyles, *Heating, *Reproductive history, *Drinking (Physiology), *Mathematical variables, *Statistical correlation, *Manganese, *Iron in the body, *Pearson correlation (Statistics), *Maternal exposure, *Academic medical centers, *T-test (Statistics), *Mothers, *Colostrum, *Puerperium, *Smoking, *Scientific observation, *Hemoglobins, *Kruskal-Wallis Test, *Parameters (Statistics), *Iron deficiency, *Pregnancy outcomes, *Population geography, *Cobalt, *Fish oils, *Mann Whitney U Test, *Chi-squared test, *Longitudinal method, *Nickel, *Mathematical statistics, *Gestational age, *Water, *Research, *Metropolitan areas, *Rural conditions, *Vitamins, *Apgar score, *Nutritional status, *One-way analysis of variance, *Birth weight, *Data analysis software, *Comparative studies, *Biomarkers, *Dietary supplements, *Spectrophotometry, *Nonparametric statistics |
| Γεωγραφικοί όροι: |
Türkiye |
| Περίληψη: |
Objectives: This study aimed to determine the concentrations of selected toxic metals in maternal blood and colostrum and to investigate their associations with environmental, lifestyle, and obstetric factors in postpartum women. Methods: In this prospective observational study, 95 postpartum women who had delivered at term without any chronic or pregnancy-related comorbidities were included. Venous blood samples were collected from the antecubital vein, and approximately five to ten milliliters of colostrum were obtained from both breasts following breastfeeding within forty-eight hours after delivery. Maternal demographic characteristics, environmental exposures, supplement use, and neonatal outcomes were recorded using structured questionnaires. Metal concentrations were measured using atomic absorption spectrometry. Results: Nickel concentrations were significantly higher in the blood of participants who used stoves for home heating, while cadmium levels were elevated in those consuming spring or tap water (p < 0.05). Participants residing in metropolitan areas had significantly lower iron levels in blood compared to those in rural areas (p < 0.05). Women with hemoglobin levels below eleven grams per deciliter showed elevated nickel levels in blood. Blood concentrations of nickel and cobalt were significantly lower among women who used fish oil or vitamin supplements, respectively (p < 0.05). A significant inverse correlation was observed between blood levels of nickel, cobalt, manganese, and lead and iron concentrations in colostrum (p < 0.05). In addition, iron concentrations in colostrum were significantly lower in neonates with a 1-minute Apgar score of ≤ 7 compared to those with higher scores (p = 0.008). Conclusion: Environmental exposures and maternal nutritional status significantly influence metal concentrations in blood and colostrum. In particular, iron deficiency and suboptimal perinatal outcomes may increase susceptibility to heavy metal accumulation, underscoring the importance of comprehensive prenatal care and environmental risk assessment during pregnancy. Significance: What is Already Known on this Subject?: Maternal lifestyle and environmental exposures can influence the composition of breast milk. Certain heavy metals are known to cross the placenta and can also be excreted through breast milk, potentially affecting neonatal health. What this Study Adds?: This study demonstrates that maternal iron deficiency may enhance the accumulation of toxic metals such as nickel and lead. Additionally, the use of prenatal vitamin and fish oil supplements may be associated with lower concentrations of specific heavy metals in maternal blood, highlighting a possible protective effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: |
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