Academic Journal
Health benefits of reducing NO x emissions in the presence of epidemiological and atmospheric nonlinearities
| Title: | Health benefits of reducing NO x emissions in the presence of epidemiological and atmospheric nonlinearities |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Pappin, A.J., Hakami, A. (Amir), Blagden, P., Nasari, M., Szyszkowicz, M., Burnett, R.T. |
| Source: | Environmental Research Letters vol. 11 no. 6 |
| Publication Year: | 2016 |
| Collection: | Carleton University's Institutional Repository |
| Subject Terms: | benefit per ton, CanCHEC, concentration response function, marginal benefit, mortality, NOx control, supra-linear |
| Description: | Recent epidemiological evidence suggests that the logarithm of concentration is a better predictor of mortality risk from long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 and NO2 than concentration itself. A log-concentration-response function (CRF) predicts a heightened excess risk per unit concentration at low levels of exposure that further increases as the air becomes less polluted. Using an adjoint air quality model, we estimate the public health benefits of reducing NO x emissions, on a per-ton and source-by-source basis. Our estimates of benefits-per-ton assume linear in concentration and log-concentration CRFs for NO2 and a CRF that is linear in concentration for O3. We apply risk coefficients estimated using the Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort. We find that a log-concentration CRF for NO2 leads almost consistently to larger benefits-per-ton than a linear in concentration CRF (e.g., $500 000 ton-1 compared to $270 000 ton-1 for Ottawa). We observe that concentrations gradually decline due to widespread, progressive emissions abatement, entailing increasing health benefits as a result of (1) a log-concentration CRF for NO2 and (2) the nonlinear response of O3 to NO x emissions. Our results indicate that NO x abatement has the potential to incur substantial and increasing health benefits, by up to five times with 85% emission reductions, for Canada into the future. |
| Document Type: | article in journal/newspaper |
| File Description: | application/pdf |
| Language: | English |
| Relation: | https://ir.library.carleton.ca/pub/9544 |
| DOI: | 10.1088/1748-9326/11/6/064015 |
| Availability: | https://ir.library.carleton.ca/pub/9544 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/6/064015 |
| Rights: | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Accession Number: | edsbas.F6F0F089 |
| Database: | BASE |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 CustomLinks: – Url: https://ir.library.carleton.ca/pub/9544# Name: EDS - BASE (ns324271) Category: fullText Text: View record from BASE |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Health benefits of reducing NO x emissions in the presence of epidemiological and atmospheric nonlinearities – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pappin%2C+A%2EJ%2E%22">Pappin, A.J.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hakami%2C+A%2E+%28Amir%29%22">Hakami, A. (Amir)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Blagden%2C+P%2E%22">Blagden, P.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nasari%2C+M%2E%22">Nasari, M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Szyszkowicz%2C+M%2E%22">Szyszkowicz, M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Burnett%2C+R%2ET%2E%22">Burnett, R.T.</searchLink> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: Environmental Research Letters vol. 11 no. 6 – Name: DatePubCY Label: Publication Year Group: Date Data: 2016 – Name: Subset Label: Collection Group: HoldingsInfo Data: Carleton University's Institutional Repository – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22benefit+per+ton%22">benefit per ton</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22CanCHEC%22">CanCHEC</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22concentration+response+function%22">concentration response function</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22marginal+benefit%22">marginal benefit</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22mortality%22">mortality</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22NOx+control%22">NOx control</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22supra-linear%22">supra-linear</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Description Group: Ab Data: Recent epidemiological evidence suggests that the logarithm of concentration is a better predictor of mortality risk from long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 and NO2 than concentration itself. A log-concentration-response function (CRF) predicts a heightened excess risk per unit concentration at low levels of exposure that further increases as the air becomes less polluted. Using an adjoint air quality model, we estimate the public health benefits of reducing NO x emissions, on a per-ton and source-by-source basis. Our estimates of benefits-per-ton assume linear in concentration and log-concentration CRFs for NO2 and a CRF that is linear in concentration for O3. We apply risk coefficients estimated using the Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort. We find that a log-concentration CRF for NO2 leads almost consistently to larger benefits-per-ton than a linear in concentration CRF (e.g., $500 000 ton-1 compared to $270 000 ton-1 for Ottawa). We observe that concentrations gradually decline due to widespread, progressive emissions abatement, entailing increasing health benefits as a result of (1) a log-concentration CRF for NO2 and (2) the nonlinear response of O3 to NO x emissions. Our results indicate that NO x abatement has the potential to incur substantial and increasing health benefits, by up to five times with 85% emission reductions, for Canada into the future. – Name: TypeDocument Label: Document Type Group: TypDoc Data: article in journal/newspaper – Name: Format Label: File Description Group: SrcInfo Data: application/pdf – Name: Language Label: Language Group: Lang Data: English – Name: NoteTitleSource Label: Relation Group: SrcInfo Data: https://ir.library.carleton.ca/pub/9544 – Name: DOI Label: DOI Group: ID Data: 10.1088/1748-9326/11/6/064015 – Name: URL Label: Availability Group: URL Data: https://ir.library.carleton.ca/pub/9544<br />https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/6/064015 – Name: Copyright Label: Rights Group: Cpyrght Data: info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess – Name: AN Label: Accession Number Group: ID Data: edsbas.F6F0F089 |
| PLink | https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=edsbas&AN=edsbas.F6F0F089 |
| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1088/1748-9326/11/6/064015 Languages: – Text: English Subjects: – SubjectFull: benefit per ton Type: general – SubjectFull: CanCHEC Type: general – SubjectFull: concentration response function Type: general – SubjectFull: marginal benefit Type: general – SubjectFull: mortality Type: general – SubjectFull: NOx control Type: general – SubjectFull: supra-linear Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Health benefits of reducing NO x emissions in the presence of epidemiological and atmospheric nonlinearities Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Pappin, A.J. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Hakami, A. (Amir) – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Blagden, P. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Nasari, M. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Szyszkowicz, M. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Burnett, R.T. IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 01 Type: published Y: 2016 Identifiers: – Type: issn-locals Value: edsbas – Type: issn-locals Value: edsbas.oa Titles: – TitleFull: Environmental Research Letters vol. 11 no. 6 Type: main |
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