Dissertation/Thesis
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Neurocognitive Correlates of Diagnostic Heterogeneity in Children with ADHD: The Differential Contributions of Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome, Symptom Severity, and Anxiety

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Τίτλος: Neurocognitive Correlates of Diagnostic Heterogeneity in Children with ADHD: The Differential Contributions of Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome, Symptom Severity, and Anxiety
Συγγραφείς: İbrahim Adak, Esin Özdeniz Varan, Nergis Eyüpoğlu, Ayşim Alpman, Zeynep Durmuş, Oğuz Bilal Karakuş, İpek Süzer Gamlı, Özalp Ekinci
Πηγή: Diagnostics ; Volume 16 ; Issue 5 ; Pages: 808
Στοιχεία εκδότη: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Έτος έκδοσης: 2026
Συλλογή: MDPI Open Access Publishing
Θεματικοί όροι: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, cognitive disengagement syndrome, diagnostic assessment, memory, visuospatial function, anxiety, child
Περιγραφή: Background/Objectives: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) shows substantial cognitive heterogeneity, complicating individualized clinical formulation. This study examined whether Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS), anxiety, and ADHD symptom severity are associated with memory functions and visuospatial skills in children with ADHD. Methods: The sample included 120 children aged 6–12 years with ADHD (ADHD + CDS: n = 40; ADHD-only: n = 80). Memory was assessed with the Oktem Verbal Memory Processes Test (OVMPT) and Wechsler Memory Scale–Visual Reproduction (WMS–VR), and visuospatial skills with WISC-IV Block Design and Judgment of Line Orientation (JLO). ADHD symptoms were rated using combined parent–teacher Turgay-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition-Based Disruptive Behavior Disorders Scale (T-DSM-IV-S) scores; CDS symptoms with the Barkley Child Attention Scale; and anxiety with the SCARED-Child Form. Group comparisons, correlation analyses, and multivariable linear regression models were conducted. Results: The ADHD + CDS group performed worse on WISC-IV Block Design than the ADHD-only group (p = 0.005). In the ADHD + CDS group, inattention severity showed a strong negative association with WMS–VR short-term memory (r = −0.560, p < 0.001). In the ADHD-only group, inattention severity was negatively associated with OVMPT Spontaneous Recall (ρ = −0.319, p = 0.004) and JLO total score (ρ = −0.348, p = 0.002). Anxiety severity in the ADHD-only group was positively associated with OVMPT Total Learning (ρ = 0.350, p = 0.001), Highest Learning (ρ = 0.370, p = 0.001), and WMS–VR short-term memory (ρ = 0.304, p = 0.006). In regression analyses, the presence of CDS independently and negatively predicted WMS–VR short-term memory (β = −0.187, p = 0.018) and Block Design performances (β = −0.226, p = 0.016). Inattention symptom severity was also independently and negatively associated with Block Design performance (β = −0.243, p = 0.013). Conclusions: CDS status and ...
Τύπος εγγράφου: Thesis
Περιγραφή αρχείου: application/pdf
Γλώσσα: English
Relation: Clinical Diagnosis and Prognosis; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16050808
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics16050808
Διαθεσιμότητα: https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16050808
Rights: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Αριθμός Καταχώρησης: edsbas.CD56AD6E
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  Data: Neurocognitive Correlates of Diagnostic Heterogeneity in Children with ADHD: The Differential Contributions of Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome, Symptom Severity, and Anxiety
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22İbrahim+Adak%22&quot;&gt;İbrahim Adak&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Esin+&#214;zdeniz+Varan%22&quot;&gt;Esin &#214;zdeniz Varan&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Nergis+Ey&#252;poğlu%22&quot;&gt;Nergis Ey&#252;poğlu&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Ayşim+Alpman%22&quot;&gt;Ayşim Alpman&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Zeynep+Durmuş%22&quot;&gt;Zeynep Durmuş&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Oğuz+Bilal+Karakuş%22&quot;&gt;Oğuz Bilal Karakuş&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22İpek+S&#252;zer+Gamlı%22&quot;&gt;İpek S&#252;zer Gamlı&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22&#214;zalp+Ekinci%22&quot;&gt;&#214;zalp Ekinci&lt;/searchLink&gt;
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  Data: Diagnostics ; Volume 16 ; Issue 5 ; Pages: 808
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  Data: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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  Data: 2026
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22attention-deficit%2Fhyperactivity+disorder%22&quot;&gt;attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22cognitive+disengagement+syndrome%22&quot;&gt;cognitive disengagement syndrome&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22diagnostic+assessment%22&quot;&gt;diagnostic assessment&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22memory%22&quot;&gt;memory&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22visuospatial+function%22&quot;&gt;visuospatial function&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22anxiety%22&quot;&gt;anxiety&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;DE&quot; term=&quot;%22child%22&quot;&gt;child&lt;/searchLink&gt;
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  Data: Background/Objectives: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) shows substantial cognitive heterogeneity, complicating individualized clinical formulation. This study examined whether Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS), anxiety, and ADHD symptom severity are associated with memory functions and visuospatial skills in children with ADHD. Methods: The sample included 120 children aged 6–12 years with ADHD (ADHD + CDS: n = 40; ADHD-only: n = 80). Memory was assessed with the Oktem Verbal Memory Processes Test (OVMPT) and Wechsler Memory Scale–Visual Reproduction (WMS–VR), and visuospatial skills with WISC-IV Block Design and Judgment of Line Orientation (JLO). ADHD symptoms were rated using combined parent–teacher Turgay-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition-Based Disruptive Behavior Disorders Scale (T-DSM-IV-S) scores; CDS symptoms with the Barkley Child Attention Scale; and anxiety with the SCARED-Child Form. Group comparisons, correlation analyses, and multivariable linear regression models were conducted. Results: The ADHD + CDS group performed worse on WISC-IV Block Design than the ADHD-only group (p = 0.005). In the ADHD + CDS group, inattention severity showed a strong negative association with WMS–VR short-term memory (r = −0.560, p &lt; 0.001). In the ADHD-only group, inattention severity was negatively associated with OVMPT Spontaneous Recall (ρ = −0.319, p = 0.004) and JLO total score (ρ = −0.348, p = 0.002). Anxiety severity in the ADHD-only group was positively associated with OVMPT Total Learning (ρ = 0.350, p = 0.001), Highest Learning (ρ = 0.370, p = 0.001), and WMS–VR short-term memory (ρ = 0.304, p = 0.006). In regression analyses, the presence of CDS independently and negatively predicted WMS–VR short-term memory (β = −0.187, p = 0.018) and Block Design performances (β = −0.226, p = 0.016). Inattention symptom severity was also independently and negatively associated with Block Design performance (β = −0.243, p = 0.013). Conclusions: CDS status and ...
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  Data: Clinical Diagnosis and Prognosis; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16050808
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  Data: 10.3390/diagnostics16050808
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        Value: 10.3390/diagnostics16050808
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      – SubjectFull: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: cognitive disengagement syndrome
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      – SubjectFull: diagnostic assessment
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      – SubjectFull: memory
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      – SubjectFull: visuospatial function
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      – TitleFull: Neurocognitive Correlates of Diagnostic Heterogeneity in Children with ADHD: The Differential Contributions of Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome, Symptom Severity, and Anxiety
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