Dissertation/ Thesis
Optimal sizing and renewable integration for green ammonia plants in South Africa
| Τίτλος: | Optimal sizing and renewable integration for green ammonia plants in South Africa |
|---|---|
| Συγγραφείς: | Woods, Joshua Anderton |
| Συνεισφορές: | Rix, A. J., Van Staden, C., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering. |
| Στοιχεία εκδότη: | Stellenbosch University |
| Έτος έκδοσης: | 2025 |
| Συλλογή: | Stellenbosch University: SUNScholar Research Repository |
| Θεματικοί όροι: | Ammonia -- Environmental aspects -- South Africa, Green technology -- Technological innovations -- South Africa, Renewable energy sources -- South Africa, Genetic algorithms -- Data processing -- South Africa, UCTD |
| Περιγραφή: | Woods, J. A. 2025. Optimal Sizing and Renewable Integration for Green Ammonia Plants in South Africa. Unpublished masters thesis. Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University [online]. Available: https://scholar.sun.ac.za/items/5f6b5352-062c-48b7-907f-d4abc1f0d79f ; Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2025. ; ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Countries worldwide are shifting focus towards sustainable and renewable processes in all sectors, in a collective effort to reduce carbon emissions. Current ammonia production consumes 2% of global energy and contributes 1.3% of global carbon emissions. Green ammonia production is a sustainable contribution to reducing global carbon emissions. Currently, there is little publically known research on green ammonia plants in South Africa, this research aims to address this gap by optimally placing and sizing a green ammonia plant. This thesis investigates the optimal sizing of a fully off-grid green ammonia plant in South Africa. The research focuses on the technical and economic factors affecting green ammonia production, specifically minimising the Levelised Cost of Ammonia (LCOA) and maximising plant Capacity Factor (CF). A Genetic Algorithm (GA) was employed to accomplish the multi-objective optimisation. The GA optimised various plant configurations, comprising solar, wind, battery, hydrogen and nitrogen storage. Additionally, 15 sites across South Africa were selected and simulated over a year. The results indicate that the intensity of the renewable energy resource plays a significant role in the plant’s performance. These locations produced low LCOA and high plant CFs. Site 9, near Noupoort in the Karoo, produced a LCOA of 675.3USD/ton and plant CF of 89.71%. This is below the global average for green ammonia production costs. However, this is still significantly higher than traditional production methods. Configurations containing a combination of wind and solar systems performed best; the complementary nature allowed production to continue at night if sufficient wind was available. ... |
| Τύπος εγγράφου: | thesis |
| Περιγραφή αρχείου: | xviii, 141 pages : illustrations; application/pdf |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Relation: | https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/132309 |
| Διαθεσιμότητα: | https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/132309 |
| Rights: | Stellenbosch University |
| Αριθμός Καταχώρησης: | edsbas.BD6B8CDB |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | BASE |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 CustomLinks: – Url: https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/132309# Name: EDS - BASE (ns324271) Category: fullText Text: View record from BASE |
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| IllustrationInfo | |
| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Optimal sizing and renewable integration for green ammonia plants in South Africa – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Woods%2C+Joshua+Anderton%22">Woods, Joshua Anderton</searchLink> – Name: Author Label: Contributors Group: Au Data: Rix, A. J.<br />Van Staden, C.<br />Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering. – Name: Publisher Label: Publisher Information Group: PubInfo Data: Stellenbosch University – Name: DatePubCY Label: Publication Year Group: Date Data: 2025 – Name: Subset Label: Collection Group: HoldingsInfo Data: Stellenbosch University: SUNScholar Research Repository – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ammonia+--+Environmental+aspects+--+South+Africa%22">Ammonia -- Environmental aspects -- South Africa</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Green+technology+--+Technological+innovations+--+South+Africa%22">Green technology -- Technological innovations -- South Africa</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Renewable+energy+sources+--+South+Africa%22">Renewable energy sources -- South Africa</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Genetic+algorithms+--+Data+processing+--+South+Africa%22">Genetic algorithms -- Data processing -- South Africa</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22UCTD%22">UCTD</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Description Group: Ab Data: Woods, J. A. 2025. Optimal Sizing and Renewable Integration for Green Ammonia Plants in South Africa. Unpublished masters thesis. Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University [online]. Available: https://scholar.sun.ac.za/items/5f6b5352-062c-48b7-907f-d4abc1f0d79f ; Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2025. ; ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Countries worldwide are shifting focus towards sustainable and renewable processes in all sectors, in a collective effort to reduce carbon emissions. Current ammonia production consumes 2% of global energy and contributes 1.3% of global carbon emissions. Green ammonia production is a sustainable contribution to reducing global carbon emissions. Currently, there is little publically known research on green ammonia plants in South Africa, this research aims to address this gap by optimally placing and sizing a green ammonia plant. This thesis investigates the optimal sizing of a fully off-grid green ammonia plant in South Africa. The research focuses on the technical and economic factors affecting green ammonia production, specifically minimising the Levelised Cost of Ammonia (LCOA) and maximising plant Capacity Factor (CF). A Genetic Algorithm (GA) was employed to accomplish the multi-objective optimisation. The GA optimised various plant configurations, comprising solar, wind, battery, hydrogen and nitrogen storage. Additionally, 15 sites across South Africa were selected and simulated over a year. The results indicate that the intensity of the renewable energy resource plays a significant role in the plant’s performance. These locations produced low LCOA and high plant CFs. Site 9, near Noupoort in the Karoo, produced a LCOA of 675.3USD/ton and plant CF of 89.71%. This is below the global average for green ammonia production costs. However, this is still significantly higher than traditional production methods. Configurations containing a combination of wind and solar systems performed best; the complementary nature allowed production to continue at night if sufficient wind was available. ... – Name: TypeDocument Label: Document Type Group: TypDoc Data: thesis – Name: Format Label: File Description Group: SrcInfo Data: xviii, 141 pages : illustrations; application/pdf – Name: Language Label: Language Group: Lang Data: English – Name: NoteTitleSource Label: Relation Group: SrcInfo Data: https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/132309 – Name: URL Label: Availability Group: URL Data: https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/132309 – Name: Copyright Label: Rights Group: Cpyrght Data: Stellenbosch University – Name: AN Label: Accession Number Group: ID Data: edsbas.BD6B8CDB |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Languages: – Text: English Subjects: – SubjectFull: Ammonia -- Environmental aspects -- South Africa Type: general – SubjectFull: Green technology -- Technological innovations -- South Africa Type: general – SubjectFull: Renewable energy sources -- South Africa Type: general – SubjectFull: Genetic algorithms -- Data processing -- South Africa Type: general – SubjectFull: UCTD Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Optimal sizing and renewable integration for green ammonia plants in South Africa Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Woods, Joshua Anderton – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Rix, A. J. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Van Staden, C. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering. IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 01 Type: published Y: 2025 Identifiers: – Type: issn-locals Value: edsbas |
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