Academic Journal
Injury and local injection and the risk of foot/ankle osteoarthritis: a case–control study in retired UK male professional footballers
| Τίτλος: | Injury and local injection and the risk of foot/ankle osteoarthritis: a case–control study in retired UK male professional footballers |
|---|---|
| Συγγραφείς: | Thanoon, A.A., Espahbodi, S., Shuaib, M.A., Millar, B., Duncan, A., Bowen, C.J., O’Neill, T.W., Wakefield, R.J., Watt, F.E., Walsh, D.A., Fuller, G., Batt, M.E., Parekh, S.M., Fernandes, G.S., Doherty, M., Zhang, W. |
| Στοιχεία εκδότη: | Oxford University Press (OUP) |
| Έτος έκδοσης: | 2026 |
| Συλλογή: | White Rose Research Online (Universities of Leeds, Sheffield & York) |
| Περιγραφή: | Objective The objective of this study was to examine whether foot/ankle injury and injection contribute to the risk of foot/ankle OA in retired UK male professional footballers. Methods This was a case–control study among retired UK male footballers, in which cases reported General Practitioner–diagnosed foot/ankle OA or forefoot/ankle surgery after retirement, and controls reported neither. Injury was defined as significant foot/ankle injury with pain for most days over 3 months during their career. Injection was defined as injection of corticosteroids or other agents into foot/ankle joints during their career. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence interval (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression. Areas Under the Curve (AUCs) and 95% CIs were estimated to examine the contribution of injury and/or injection in the context of other available risk factors. Results Of 424 footballers studied, 63 had foot/ankle OA and 361 had neither. Cases had similar mean age (63.2 vs 63.0, P = 0.457) and BMI (27.7 vs 27.0, P = 0.240) to those of controls, but more foot/ankle injury (73.3% vs 42.5%, P < 0.001) and injections (75.0% vs 48.4%, P < 0.001), with aORs of 4.23 (95% CI 1.88–9.48) and 2.62 (95% CI 1.19–5.78), respectively. The AUC was 0.69 (95% CI 0.62–0.77) for injury, 0.74 (95% CI 0.66–0.81) for injury and injection, and 0.78 (95% CI 0.70–0.85) for all risk factors. Similar results were observed in footballers with ankle OA only. Conclusion Injury was a major risk factor for foot/ankle OA in retired UK male professional footballers. The role of injection needs cautious interpretation due to potential confounding by indication. |
| Τύπος εγγράφου: | article in journal/newspaper |
| Περιγραφή αρχείου: | text |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| ISSN: | 1462-0324 |
| Relation: | https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/id/eprint/233742/1/keaf518.pdf; Thanoon, A.A. orcid.org/0000-0002-5998-4708 , Espahbodi, S., Shuaib, M.A. et al. (13 more authors) (2026) Injury and local injection and the risk of foot/ankle osteoarthritis: a case–control study in retired UK male professional footballers. Rheumatology, 65 (1). keaf518. ISSN: 1462-0324 |
| Διαθεσιμότητα: | https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/id/eprint/233742/ https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/id/eprint/233742/1/keaf518.pdf |
| Rights: | cc_by_4 |
| Αριθμός Καταχώρησης: | edsbas.78CE87D1 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | BASE |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Injury and local injection and the risk of foot/ankle osteoarthritis: a case–control study in retired UK male professional footballers – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Thanoon%2C+A%2EA%2E%22">Thanoon, A.A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Espahbodi%2C+S%2E%22">Espahbodi, S.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shuaib%2C+M%2EA%2E%22">Shuaib, M.A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Millar%2C+B%2E%22">Millar, B.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Duncan%2C+A%2E%22">Duncan, A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bowen%2C+C%2EJ%2E%22">Bowen, C.J.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22O%27Neill%2C+T%2EW%2E%22">O’Neill, T.W.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wakefield%2C+R%2EJ%2E%22">Wakefield, R.J.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Watt%2C+F%2EE%2E%22">Watt, F.E.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Walsh%2C+D%2EA%2E%22">Walsh, D.A.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fuller%2C+G%2E%22">Fuller, G.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Batt%2C+M%2EE%2E%22">Batt, M.E.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Parekh%2C+S%2EM%2E%22">Parekh, S.M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fernandes%2C+G%2ES%2E%22">Fernandes, G.S.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Doherty%2C+M%2E%22">Doherty, M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+W%2E%22">Zhang, W.</searchLink> – Name: Publisher Label: Publisher Information Group: PubInfo Data: Oxford University Press (OUP) – Name: DatePubCY Label: Publication Year Group: Date Data: 2026 – Name: Subset Label: Collection Group: HoldingsInfo Data: White Rose Research Online (Universities of Leeds, Sheffield & York) – Name: Abstract Label: Description Group: Ab Data: Objective The objective of this study was to examine whether foot/ankle injury and injection contribute to the risk of foot/ankle OA in retired UK male professional footballers. Methods This was a case–control study among retired UK male footballers, in which cases reported General Practitioner–diagnosed foot/ankle OA or forefoot/ankle surgery after retirement, and controls reported neither. Injury was defined as significant foot/ankle injury with pain for most days over 3 months during their career. Injection was defined as injection of corticosteroids or other agents into foot/ankle joints during their career. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence interval (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression. Areas Under the Curve (AUCs) and 95% CIs were estimated to examine the contribution of injury and/or injection in the context of other available risk factors. Results Of 424 footballers studied, 63 had foot/ankle OA and 361 had neither. Cases had similar mean age (63.2 vs 63.0, P = 0.457) and BMI (27.7 vs 27.0, P = 0.240) to those of controls, but more foot/ankle injury (73.3% vs 42.5%, P < 0.001) and injections (75.0% vs 48.4%, P < 0.001), with aORs of 4.23 (95% CI 1.88–9.48) and 2.62 (95% CI 1.19–5.78), respectively. The AUC was 0.69 (95% CI 0.62–0.77) for injury, 0.74 (95% CI 0.66–0.81) for injury and injection, and 0.78 (95% CI 0.70–0.85) for all risk factors. Similar results were observed in footballers with ankle OA only. Conclusion Injury was a major risk factor for foot/ankle OA in retired UK male professional footballers. The role of injection needs cautious interpretation due to potential confounding by indication. – Name: TypeDocument Label: Document Type Group: TypDoc Data: article in journal/newspaper – Name: Format Label: File Description Group: SrcInfo Data: text – Name: Language Label: Language Group: Lang Data: English – Name: ISSN Label: ISSN Group: ISSN Data: 1462-0324 – Name: NoteTitleSource Label: Relation Group: SrcInfo Data: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/id/eprint/233742/1/keaf518.pdf; Thanoon, A.A. orcid.org/0000-0002-5998-4708 , Espahbodi, S., Shuaib, M.A. et al. (13 more authors) (2026) Injury and local injection and the risk of foot/ankle osteoarthritis: a case–control study in retired UK male professional footballers. Rheumatology, 65 (1). keaf518. ISSN: 1462-0324 – Name: URL Label: Availability Group: URL Data: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/id/eprint/233742/<br />https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/id/eprint/233742/1/keaf518.pdf – Name: Copyright Label: Rights Group: Cpyrght Data: cc_by_4 – Name: AN Label: Accession Number Group: ID Data: edsbas.78CE87D1 |
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