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Complex relationships between greenness, air pollution, and mortality in a population-based Canadian cohort

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Title: Complex relationships between greenness, air pollution, and mortality in a population-based Canadian cohort
Authors: Crouse, D.L. (Dan L.), Pinault, L. (Lauren), Balram, A. (Adele), Brauer, M. (Michael), Burnett, R.T. (Richard T.), Martin, R.V. (Randall V.), van Donkelaar, A. (Aaron), Villeneuve, P. (Paul), Weichenthal, S. (Scott)
Source: Environment International vol. 128, pp. 292-300
Publication Year: 2019
Collection: Carleton University's Institutional Repository
Subject Terms: Canada, Cohort study, Effect modification, Greenness, Mortality, PM 2.5
Description: Background: Epidemiological studies have consistently demonstrated that exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 )is associated with increased risks of mortality. To a lesser extent, a series of studies suggest that living in greener areas is associated with reduced risks of mortality. Only a handful of studies have examined the interplay between PM 2.5 , greenness, and mortality. Methods: We investigated the role of residential greenness in modifying associations between long-term exposures to PM 2.5 and non-accidental and cardiovascular mortality in a national cohort of non-immigrant Canadian adults (i.e., the 2001 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort). Specifically, we examined associations between satellite-derived estimates of PM 2.5 exposure and mortality across quintiles of greenness measured within 500 m of individual's place of residence during 11 years of follow-up. We adjusted our survival models for many personal and contextual measures of socioeconomic position, and residential mobility data allowed us to characterize annual changes in exposures. Results: Our cohort included approximately 2.4 million individuals at baseline, 194,270 of whom died from non-accidental causes during follow-up. Adjustment for greenness attenuated the association between PM 2.5 and mortality (e.g., hazard ratios (HRs)and 95% confidence intervals (CIs)per interquartile range increase in PM 2.5 in models for non-accidental mortality decreased from 1.065 (95% CI: 1.056–1.075)to 1.041 (95% CI: 1.031–1.050)). The strength of observed associations between PM 2.5 and mortality decreased as greenness increased. This pattern persisted in models restricted to urban residents, in models that considered the combined oxidant capacity of ozone and nitrogen dioxide, and within neighbourhoods characterised by high or low deprivation. We found no increased risk of mortality associated with PM 2.5 among those living in the greenest areas. For example, the HR for cardiovascular mortality among individuals in the least green ...
Document Type: article in journal/newspaper
File Description: application/pdf
Language: English
Relation: https://ir.library.carleton.ca/pub/24277
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.047
Availability: https://ir.library.carleton.ca/pub/24277
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.047
Rights: info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Accession Number: edsbas.1EE1F8F3
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  Data: Complex relationships between greenness, air pollution, and mortality in a population-based Canadian cohort
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Crouse%2C+D%2EL%2E+%28Dan+L%2E%29%22">Crouse, D.L. (Dan L.)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pinault%2C+L%2E+%28Lauren%29%22">Pinault, L. (Lauren)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Balram%2C+A%2E+%28Adele%29%22">Balram, A. (Adele)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Brauer%2C+M%2E+%28Michael%29%22">Brauer, M. (Michael)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Burnett%2C+R%2ET%2E+%28Richard+T%2E%29%22">Burnett, R.T. (Richard T.)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Martin%2C+R%2EV%2E+%28Randall+V%2E%29%22">Martin, R.V. (Randall V.)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22van+Donkelaar%2C+A%2E+%28Aaron%29%22">van Donkelaar, A. (Aaron)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Villeneuve%2C+P%2E+%28Paul%29%22">Villeneuve, P. (Paul)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Weichenthal%2C+S%2E+%28Scott%29%22">Weichenthal, S. (Scott)</searchLink>
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  Data: Environment International vol. 128, pp. 292-300
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  Data: 2019
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  Data: Carleton University's Institutional Repository
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Canada%22">Canada</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cohort+study%22">Cohort study</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Effect+modification%22">Effect modification</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Greenness%22">Greenness</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mortality%22">Mortality</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22PM+2%2E5%22">PM 2.5</searchLink>
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  Data: Background: Epidemiological studies have consistently demonstrated that exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 )is associated with increased risks of mortality. To a lesser extent, a series of studies suggest that living in greener areas is associated with reduced risks of mortality. Only a handful of studies have examined the interplay between PM 2.5 , greenness, and mortality. Methods: We investigated the role of residential greenness in modifying associations between long-term exposures to PM 2.5 and non-accidental and cardiovascular mortality in a national cohort of non-immigrant Canadian adults (i.e., the 2001 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort). Specifically, we examined associations between satellite-derived estimates of PM 2.5 exposure and mortality across quintiles of greenness measured within 500 m of individual's place of residence during 11 years of follow-up. We adjusted our survival models for many personal and contextual measures of socioeconomic position, and residential mobility data allowed us to characterize annual changes in exposures. Results: Our cohort included approximately 2.4 million individuals at baseline, 194,270 of whom died from non-accidental causes during follow-up. Adjustment for greenness attenuated the association between PM 2.5 and mortality (e.g., hazard ratios (HRs)and 95% confidence intervals (CIs)per interquartile range increase in PM 2.5 in models for non-accidental mortality decreased from 1.065 (95% CI: 1.056–1.075)to 1.041 (95% CI: 1.031–1.050)). The strength of observed associations between PM 2.5 and mortality decreased as greenness increased. This pattern persisted in models restricted to urban residents, in models that considered the combined oxidant capacity of ozone and nitrogen dioxide, and within neighbourhoods characterised by high or low deprivation. We found no increased risk of mortality associated with PM 2.5 among those living in the greenest areas. For example, the HR for cardiovascular mortality among individuals in the least green ...
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  Data: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.047
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  Data: https://ir.library.carleton.ca/pub/24277<br />https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.047
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