Academic Journal
Mass culture in the context of democratic transformations of twentieth century
| Τίτλος: | Mass culture in the context of democratic transformations of twentieth century |
|---|---|
| Πηγή: | Вісник НТУУ "КПІ" Політологія. Соціологія. Право; № 2(18) (2013); 65-69 National Technical University of Ukraine Journal. Political science. Sociology. Law; № 2(18) (2013); 65-69 |
| Στοιχεία εκδότη: | NTUU “KPI” PPI PPC “Polytechnica”, 2015. |
| Έτος έκδοσης: | 2015 |
| Θεματικοί όροι: | масова культура, масове мистецтво, еліта, маси, демократичні перетворення ХХ століття, кіно, масова музика, масова література, popular culture, mass art elite, mass, democratic transformation of the twentieth century, cinema, mass music, mass literature, УДК 316.41, 10. No inequality, 16. Peace & justice, UDC 316.41 |
| Περιγραφή: | Analysis of works devoted to mass culture allows us to identify three main groups of this phenomenon.The first group includes scientists who have negative attitudes towards mass culture. English poet T.Eliot claim that mass culture will always "substitute" culture and never reaches the high sample. Canadian theorist D.Makdonald argues that the basis of mass culture is the tendency to homogenization, it means provide all elements and phenomena some of uniformity, similarity. MacDonald points to the ability of mass culture to stereotyping, to the destruction of the difference between any phenomena. George Seldes in his book "Big audience," argues that mass culture is focused on low primitive tastes and evaluation. A similar view is taken by an American scientist B.Rozenberh.The main content of the conclusions of the second group of researchers (Lipman, W., Mead M. Schlesinger, A., Schramm J.) is as follows: mass culture in its essence, in its production and distribution depends on the forces that fund communications and control of elite society, which governs. It is means, that mass culture interpreted as a kind of ideology that must bring to public consciousness.The third group of scientists (Shilz E. Seldez G., D. White) argue that mass culture - something positive. There are many useful and informative in it. American sociologist Z. Brzezinski wrote : "If Rome gave the world the right, England - parliamentary activities, and France - culture and republican nationalism, that modern United States gave the world scientific and technological progress and the" mass culture ". Theorist of culture Herbert Gans in his article "Popular and high culture" also expressed their positive attitude to the phenomenon of mass culture. He argues that any criticism of mass culture completely unfounded, and that mass culture does not harm nor high culture, nor the people who use it, neither society at all.Up to 90 years of the twentieth century there were three main methodological approaches to the study of popular culture.The first approach is characterized by contrasting mass and elite culture species, therefore, as the conclusions sociologists must come to the definition of "on the contrary": mass culture and elite polar opposite and they have different properties (Coser L.). Another group trying to define mass culture, accentuated to origin of mass communication, mass culture considering any cultural patterns that can quantitatively capture a large audience in the short term "or almost instantaneously" (H. Friedman). However, later researches showed that the first type of definition tautological and causal series "mass culture - mass communications" generated only the illusion of explaining mass culture. The phenomenon is not required for its massive grounds of mass communication, because they are only channels of information transmission.In this regard, the most meaningful was nominated E.Baumanom third approach to the problem, which means that mass culture it is a kind of "mass social structure". Mass culture - a kind of reflection of society. How the faster and wider spreading process standardization and universalization of life, so more valuable becomes standardized mass culture. This meaning (essentially structural and functional) is nothing else than the development and addition of the second approach to the definition of the popular culture (mostly sociological) and first (basically art criticism). Each of these approaches cover some aspects of popular culture, but the question of the specificity of this phenomenon in general remains unresolved.However, if Western esthetics, sociologists, cultural studies tried to analyze this phenomenon, that in the Soviet literature, this concept is usually to be fiercely criticized, resulting became traditional view of mass culture as a minor art, which has not nothing except entertainment.Analyzing the phenomenon of mass culture, our scientists often use stereotypes of Western criticism. For example, the Russian authors we can find the traditional opposition between mass and elite culture (Kartseva AM). However, many scientists believe that this dilemma does not exist (Ashina GK Shestakov VP). V.P.Shestakov wrote that in order to get rid of contradictions and confusion in the interpretation of correlation "mass" and "elitist" culture, should abandon their opposition, which is nothing but the idealization of avant-garde art does not.The main problem of many researches was that they focused attention mainly on the ideological function of mass culture (Hershkovych ZI, Kartseva OM Kotelova GI Streltsov MM et al.), while aesthetic content, structure and nature of stereotypes, remained unheeded.Quite often, popular culture look like pseudo culture which has neither art, nor aesthetic sense. However, this simple notion of mass culture does not explain the reasons about acquisition of this phenomenon universal character.So recently in science began to appear new works in which mass culture is seen as a fundamentally new layer of culture. The new perspective investigates certain types of mass art, such as film, mass music mass literature. Among modern Ukrainian scientists who study this issue should be called Bezklubenka SD, Panchenko VI, Skurativsky VL, Fedorov II, Shulga RP.Scientists are trying to look at the culture of the twentieth century in the new cut. Most of them will certainly come to the conclusion that mass culture - it is not the individual pieces of poor quality. Mass culture - is a necessary stage of culture in democratic reforms. Beside her some negative features mass culture has great creative potential, which is revealed in its newly formed species. Стаття присвячена дослідженню феномену “масова культура” в контексті демократичних процесів ХХ століття. Розглядаються культурно-історичні та соціальні передумови виникнення та становлення феномену, досліджується його трактування в основних концепціях масової культури ХХ століття, обгрунтовується вплив демократичних перетворень в соціально-економічних процесах на розвиток масової культури. |
| Τύπος εγγράφου: | Article |
| Περιγραφή αρχείου: | application/pdf |
| Γλώσσα: | Ukrainian |
| ISSN: | 2308-5053 |
| Σύνδεσμος πρόσβασης: | http://visnyk-psp.kpi.ua/article/view/33209 |
| Αριθμός Καταχώρησης: | edsair.scientific.p..41e4e463a6d649d7946ffc6f8fe068eb |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | OpenAIRE |
| ISSN: | 23085053 |
|---|