Academic Journal
Энергобалансовая оценка урожайности яровых культур
| Title: | Энергобалансовая оценка урожайности яровых культур |
|---|---|
| Source: | Известия Тимирязевской сельскохозяйственной академии. |
| Publisher Information: | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский государственный аграрный университет – МСХА им. К.А. Тимирязева», 2015. |
| Publication Year: | 2015 |
| Subject Terms: | 2. Zero hunger, 13. Climate action, СОЛНЕЧНАЯ РАДИАЦИЯ,ЯРОВЫЕ ЗЛАКИ,ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИЙ БАЛАНС ПОСЕВОВ,ГАЗООБМЕН,ВЛАГООБМЕН,МАКСИМАЛЬНО ВОЗМОЖНАЯ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ,МАКСИМАЛЬНО ВОЗМОЖНАЯ УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ,КРИТИЧЕСКИЕ РАДИАЦИОННЫЕ ПЕРИОДЫ,ДИНАМИЧЕСКИЕ МОДЕЛИ ПРОДУКЦИОННОГО ПРОЦЕССА,SOLAR RADIATION,SPRING CEREALS,ENERGY BALANCE OF STANDS,GAS EXCHANGE,MOISTURE EXCHANGE,MAXIMUM POSSIBLE PRODUCTIVITY (MPP),MAXIMUM POSSIBLE YIELD (MPY),CRUCIAL RADIATION PERIODS,DYNAMIC MODELS OF PRODUCTION PROCESS, 15. Life on land |
| Description: | In the framework of global problem of agriculture intensification the problem of maximum possible productivity (MPP) and maximum possible yield (MPY) of spring crops (wheat, barley, corn and others) is still unsolved for the specific geographical regions. Following the results of K.A. Timiryazev and A.A. Nichiporovich we accepted the hypothesis that the main climate factors limiting the threshold of MPP are the following: the incoming solar radiation, the absorption of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) by the crop (80-83%) during the period of its photosynthetically activity (PA) and using of PAR in the gas exchange with efficiency larger than 5%. On the ground of the energy-balance approach the PAR inflow during the period of PA (from the shoots up to the end of flowering) for wheat and barley is calculated for Moscow, Kursk, Tambov, Voronezh, Samara and Saratov areas. It is shown that MPP value may achieve 130-140 centners per hectare, MPY 38-42 centners per hectare. Under optimal soil humidity conditions, more than 90% of PAR is spent on transpiration (T). It is noted that to obtain the MPP of crop during PA period it is necessary to use for T approximately 180 mm of productive moisture in 1 m of soil. As for wheat and barley the transpiration occurs only in the light (phototranspiration) and depends on the gasexchange, the decreasing of the content of productive moisture (SPM) in the soil is proportional to the decreasing of transpiration and gas-exchange. Using the data of SPM during the period of crop PA the maximum possible valid yield, determined by moisture and radiation conditions, is calculated. It achieves 38-40 centners per hectare in Moscow and Kursk areas, 31-33 centners per hectare in Tambov and Voronezh areas, and approximately 28 centners per hectare in Samara and Saratov areas. Noticeably that decreasing of PAR and SPM leads to the decreasing of gas-exchange and weight gain, especially during the critical radiation periods of ontogeny. It is emphasized that the PAR accounting is especially important both for the assessment of current crop conditions and forecast of possible yield. Рассматривается физиолого-метеорологический энергобалансовый подход к оценке прихода солнечной радиации (ФАР) к посевам и ее использования на процессы фотосинтеза, влагопотребления и транспирации, теплообмена со средой, на регуляторно-информационные фотобиологические процессы фотоморфогенеза, позволяющий выявлять максимально возможную продуктивность (МВП) и урожайность (МВУ) яровых злаков в оптимальных условиях роста и необходимое для них количество продуктивной влаги в почве. Отмечается роль критических радиационных периодов (КРП) в онтогенезе растений и возможность их учета в новых методах агрометеорологических прогнозов урожайности. |
| Document Type: | Article |
| File Description: | text/html |
| Language: | Russian |
| ISSN: | 0021-342X |
| Access URL: | http://cyberleninka.ru/article_covers/16943657.png http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/energobalansovaya-otsenka-urozhaynosti-yarovyh-kultur |
| Accession Number: | edsair.od......2806..a282c20f045ceaeee15ecda9c06f2aa7 |
| Database: | OpenAIRE |
| ISSN: | 0021342X |
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