Academic Journal
Multimodal cortical neuronal cell type classification
| Title: | Multimodal cortical neuronal cell type classification |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Mao, Xiaoyi, Staiger, Jochen F. |
| Contributors: | Mao, Xiaoyi, Staiger, Jochen F. |
| Source: | Pflugers Arch |
| Publisher Information: | Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024. |
| Publication Year: | 2024 |
| Subject Terms: | Neurons, Cerebral Cortex, 0301 basic medicine, 0303 health sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Cerebral Cortex/cytology [MeSH], Cerebral Cortex/metabolism [MeSH], Humans [MeSH], Neurons/metabolism [MeSH], Cerebral cortex, Excitatory neurons, Animals [MeSH], Multimodal classification, Cerebral Cortex/physiology [MeSH], Neurons/classification [MeSH], Neurons/physiology [MeSH], Inhibitory neurons, Review, Transcriptome [MeSH], Neuronal cell types, Transcriptomics, Animals, Humans, Transcriptome |
| Description: | Since more than a century, neuroscientists have distinguished excitatory (glutamatergic) neurons with long-distance projections from inhibitory (GABAergic) neurons with local projections and established layer-dependent schemes for the ~ 80% excitatory (principal) cells as well as the ~ 20% inhibitory neurons. Whereas, in the early days, mainly morphological criteria were used to define cell types, later supplemented by electrophysiological and neurochemical properties, nowadays. single-cell transcriptomics is the method of choice for cell type classification. Bringing recent insight together, we conclude that despite all established layer- and area-dependent differences, there is a set of reliably identifiable cortical cell types that were named (among others) intratelencephalic (IT), extratelencephalic (ET), and corticothalamic (CT) for the excitatory cells, which altogether comprise ~ 56 transcriptomic cell types (t-types). By the same means, inhibitory neurons were subdivided into parvalbumin (PV), somatostatin (SST), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and “other (i.e. Lamp5/Sncg)” subpopulations, which altogether comprise ~ 60 t-types. The coming years will show which t-types actually translate into “real” cell types that show a common set of multimodal features, including not only transcriptome but also physiology and morphology as well as connectivity and ultimately function. Only with the better knowledge of clear-cut cell types and experimental access to them, we will be able to reveal their specific functions, a task which turned out to be difficult in a part of the brain being so much specialized for cognition as the cerebral cortex. |
| Document Type: | Article Other literature type |
| Language: | English |
| ISSN: | 1432-2013 0031-6768 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s00424-024-02923-2 |
| Access URL: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38376567 https://resolver.sub.uni-goettingen.de/purl?gro-2/142127 https://repository.publisso.de/resource/frl:6504055 |
| Rights: | CC BY |
| Accession Number: | edsair.doi.dedup.....9dd360cce7517a33f5f8476f07d38058 |
| Database: | OpenAIRE |
| ISSN: | 14322013 00316768 |
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| DOI: | 10.1007/s00424-024-02923-2 |