‘Economic Mathématique’, Encyclopédie des sciences mathématiques (Paris: Giard & Brièrc, 1911), trans, as ‘Mathematical Economics’ in eds W.J. Baumol and S. M. Goldfeld, Precursors in Mathematical Economics: An Anthology (London: LSE, 1968), pp. 52-95. Copyright © London School of Economics, reproduced with permission - Vilfredo Pareto (2024)