Academic Journal
Cytogenetic Characterization of the Yak (Bos grunniens) Prometaphase Chromosomes and Comparison with Cattle (Bos taurus).
| Τίτλος: | Cytogenetic Characterization of the Yak (Bos grunniens) Prometaphase Chromosomes and Comparison with Cattle (Bos taurus). |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Pauciullo, Alfredo, Nicodemo, Davide, Letaief, Neyrouz, Černohorská, Halina, Kubičková, Svatava, Vozdová, Miluše, Parma, Pietro, Iannuzzi, Leopoldo, Cosenza, Gianfranco |
| Πηγή: | Genes; Aug2026, Vol. 17 Issue 8, p943, 16p |
| Θεματικοί όροι: | Yak, Cattle, Male sterility in plants, Comparative genomics, Cytogenetics, Chromosome banding |
| Περίληψη: | Background/Objectives: The domestic yak (Bos grunniens) is a livestock species of major relevance in high-altitude environments and an important model for studying adaptation and reproductive isolation within Bovini. Despite its close phylogenetic relationship with cattle (Bos taurus), yak × cattle hybrids show a marked sex-biased fertility pattern, with fertile females and generally sterile F1 males, suggesting that subtle chromosomal or genomic differences may underlie post-zygotic reproductive barriers. In this study, we performed a cytogenetic characterization of eight adult yak bulls imported and reared in Central Italy using conventional and molecular cytogenetic approaches. Results: GTG-, RBG-, RBA- and CBA-banding confirmed the yak diploid number as 2n = 60 and the fundamental number as NF = 62, with banding patterns highly comparable to the standardized cattle karyotype. CBA-banding showed an X chromosome lacking evident constitutive heterochromatin and a Y chromosome with distal C-positive blocks. Chromosome instability was low, with 3.75% abnormal metaphases, mainly represented by chromatid and iso-chromatid breaks, while the mean sister chromatid exchange (SCE) rate was 5.19 ± 2.14 per cell. Sequential Ag-NOR/RBA staining localized nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) at the telomeres of autosomes 2, 3, 4, 11 and 25, as in cattle. Zoo-FISH using bovine chromosome paints for X, Y, 5 and 15 showed complete hybridization to the corresponding yak chromosomes, and BAC-FISH mapped the Y-linked ZFY and SRY genes to positions homologous to those reported in cattle. A comparative bioinformatics analysis of available yak genome assemblies confirmed the overall genome-wide correspondence with cattle, while revealing chromosome orientation issues and small local inconsistencies that may be relevant for comparative mapping and probe design. Conclusions: Overall, at the resolution tested, these findings support broad macrostructural conservation of yak and cattle karyotypes and provide cytogenetic reference data for yak populations reared outside of their traditional range. The persistence of F1 male sterility despite this large-scale chromosomal conservation suggests that fine-scale sex chromosome differences, particularly involving pseudoautosomal regions, recombination boundaries, or heterochromatin organization, may deserve targeted investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| Βάση Δεδομένων: | Complementary Index |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Cytogenetic Characterization of the Yak (Bos grunniens) Prometaphase Chromosomes and Comparison with Cattle (Bos taurus). – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pauciullo%2C+Alfredo%22">Pauciullo, Alfredo</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nicodemo%2C+Davide%22">Nicodemo, Davide</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Letaief%2C+Neyrouz%22">Letaief, Neyrouz</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Černohorská%2C+Halina%22">Černohorská, Halina</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kubičková%2C+Svatava%22">Kubičková, Svatava</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vozdová%2C+Miluše%22">Vozdová, Miluše</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Parma%2C+Pietro%22">Parma, Pietro</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Iannuzzi%2C+Leopoldo%22">Iannuzzi, Leopoldo</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cosenza%2C+Gianfranco%22">Cosenza, Gianfranco</searchLink> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: Genes; Aug2026, Vol. 17 Issue 8, p943, 16p – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Yak%22">Yak</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cattle%22">Cattle</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Male+sterility+in+plants%22">Male sterility in plants</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Comparative+genomics%22">Comparative genomics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cytogenetics%22">Cytogenetics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Chromosome+banding%22">Chromosome banding</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Background/Objectives: The domestic yak (Bos grunniens) is a livestock species of major relevance in high-altitude environments and an important model for studying adaptation and reproductive isolation within Bovini. Despite its close phylogenetic relationship with cattle (Bos taurus), yak × cattle hybrids show a marked sex-biased fertility pattern, with fertile females and generally sterile F1 males, suggesting that subtle chromosomal or genomic differences may underlie post-zygotic reproductive barriers. In this study, we performed a cytogenetic characterization of eight adult yak bulls imported and reared in Central Italy using conventional and molecular cytogenetic approaches. Results: GTG-, RBG-, RBA- and CBA-banding confirmed the yak diploid number as 2n = 60 and the fundamental number as NF = 62, with banding patterns highly comparable to the standardized cattle karyotype. CBA-banding showed an X chromosome lacking evident constitutive heterochromatin and a Y chromosome with distal C-positive blocks. Chromosome instability was low, with 3.75% abnormal metaphases, mainly represented by chromatid and iso-chromatid breaks, while the mean sister chromatid exchange (SCE) rate was 5.19 ± 2.14 per cell. Sequential Ag-NOR/RBA staining localized nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) at the telomeres of autosomes 2, 3, 4, 11 and 25, as in cattle. Zoo-FISH using bovine chromosome paints for X, Y, 5 and 15 showed complete hybridization to the corresponding yak chromosomes, and BAC-FISH mapped the Y-linked ZFY and SRY genes to positions homologous to those reported in cattle. A comparative bioinformatics analysis of available yak genome assemblies confirmed the overall genome-wide correspondence with cattle, while revealing chromosome orientation issues and small local inconsistencies that may be relevant for comparative mapping and probe design. Conclusions: Overall, at the resolution tested, these findings support broad macrostructural conservation of yak and cattle karyotypes and provide cytogenetic reference data for yak populations reared outside of their traditional range. The persistence of F1 male sterility despite this large-scale chromosomal conservation suggests that fine-scale sex chromosome differences, particularly involving pseudoautosomal regions, recombination boundaries, or heterochromatin organization, may deserve targeted investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: Abstract Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Genes is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.3390/genes17080943 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 16 StartPage: 943 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Yak Type: general – SubjectFull: Cattle Type: general – SubjectFull: Male sterility in plants Type: general – SubjectFull: Comparative genomics Type: general – SubjectFull: Cytogenetics Type: general – SubjectFull: Chromosome banding Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Cytogenetic Characterization of the Yak (Bos grunniens) Prometaphase Chromosomes and Comparison with Cattle (Bos taurus). Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Pauciullo, Alfredo – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Nicodemo, Davide – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Letaief, Neyrouz – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Černohorská, Halina – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Kubičková, Svatava – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Vozdová, Miluše – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Parma, Pietro – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Iannuzzi, Leopoldo – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Cosenza, Gianfranco IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 08 Text: Aug2026 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 20734425 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 17 – Type: issue Value: 8 Titles: – TitleFull: Genes Type: main |
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