Academic Journal

Calibrated Acoustic Leak Signatures in Pressurised Plastic Water Pipes: A Laboratory Analysis.

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
Τίτλος: Calibrated Acoustic Leak Signatures in Pressurised Plastic Water Pipes: A Laboratory Analysis.
Συγγραφείς: Shekofteh, Mohammad Reza, Horoshenkov, Kirill V., John, Edward, Gowdy, Claire, Blenkharn, Andrew, Boxall, Joby B.
Πηγή: Sensors (14248220); Jul2026, Vol. 26 Issue 14, p4325, 19p
Θεματικοί όροι: Leak detection, Calibration, Plastic pipe, Signal processing, Spectrum analysis, Accelerometers
Περίληψη: Despite decades of research, there is still a lack of calibrated data on acoustic leak signatures typical of common types of water supply pipes. This study addresses this gap by providing leak signatures recorded with calibrated, high-sensitivity accelerometers in a controlled laboratory environment. The study also investigates how different leak configurations at nominal static pressures of 2.8–4.2 bars influence the power spectrum of the pipe-wall acceleration. The results show a great variability, i.e., 5 orders of magnitude, in the power spectrum. The amplitude and shape of this spectrum depend on whether the leak is through a valve-controlled nozzle, hole directly drilled in the pipe wall, or a longitudinal or traverse slit. The coherence in the leak signals as a function of the distance between the accelerometers is determined and used to estimate the leak signal attenuation. Crucially, the results reveal that longitudinal slits, which represent the most common failure mode in plastic pipes, produce the weakest acoustic signals, making them difficult to detect and locate using standard acoustic equipment. It is expected that the calibrated data collected from this study will support high-fidelity computer simulations and development of better signal processing algorithms to predict and to detect hidden leaks in water distribution networks in the presence of background noise and high acoustic attenuation. The recorded data are made available to a wider community through a dedicated data depository. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Sensors (14248220) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Βάση Δεδομένων: Complementary Index
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  Data: Calibrated Acoustic Leak Signatures in Pressurised Plastic Water Pipes: A Laboratory Analysis.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shekofteh%2C+Mohammad+Reza%22">Shekofteh, Mohammad Reza</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Horoshenkov%2C+Kirill+V%2E%22">Horoshenkov, Kirill V.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22John%2C+Edward%22">John, Edward</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gowdy%2C+Claire%22">Gowdy, Claire</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Blenkharn%2C+Andrew%22">Blenkharn, Andrew</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Boxall%2C+Joby+B%2E%22">Boxall, Joby B.</searchLink>
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  Data: Sensors (14248220); Jul2026, Vol. 26 Issue 14, p4325, 19p
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Leak+detection%22">Leak detection</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Calibration%22">Calibration</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Plastic+pipe%22">Plastic pipe</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Signal+processing%22">Signal processing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spectrum+analysis%22">Spectrum analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Accelerometers%22">Accelerometers</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Despite decades of research, there is still a lack of calibrated data on acoustic leak signatures typical of common types of water supply pipes. This study addresses this gap by providing leak signatures recorded with calibrated, high-sensitivity accelerometers in a controlled laboratory environment. The study also investigates how different leak configurations at nominal static pressures of 2.8–4.2 bars influence the power spectrum of the pipe-wall acceleration. The results show a great variability, i.e., 5 orders of magnitude, in the power spectrum. The amplitude and shape of this spectrum depend on whether the leak is through a valve-controlled nozzle, hole directly drilled in the pipe wall, or a longitudinal or traverse slit. The coherence in the leak signals as a function of the distance between the accelerometers is determined and used to estimate the leak signal attenuation. Crucially, the results reveal that longitudinal slits, which represent the most common failure mode in plastic pipes, produce the weakest acoustic signals, making them difficult to detect and locate using standard acoustic equipment. It is expected that the calibrated data collected from this study will support high-fidelity computer simulations and development of better signal processing algorithms to predict and to detect hidden leaks in water distribution networks in the presence of background noise and high acoustic attenuation. The recorded data are made available to a wider community through a dedicated data depository. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: Abstract
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Sensors (14248220) is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.3390/s26144325
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        Text: English
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              Text: Jul2026
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              Y: 2026
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